introduction: the southern oscillation is a large scale phenomenon that changes the normal oscillating air pressure on both sides of the pacific ocean. it disrupted the normal conditions and the patterns of temperature and precipitation change in the nearby region and other regions of the world. this phenomenon is caused by changing the water slope in the pacific ocean between peru (northwester...

Abstract This study aims to analyse the extreme events and diurnal climate for Indonesia capital city in Kalimantan islands, called IKN. Dataset was prepared rainfall data over 60 years based from 1954 2015 APHRODITE database. In addition, hydroclimate event analysed using SPI (Standardized Precipitation Index) ETCCDI (The Expert Team on Climte Change Detction Index). The results showed that pr...

The standardized precipitation index (SPI) was used to quantify the classification of drought in the Guanzhong Plain, China. The autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models were developed to fit and forecast the SPI series. Most of the selected ARIMA models are seasonal models (SARIMA). The forecast results show that the forecasting power of the ARIMA models increases with the incre...

Abstract Drought is an anomaly from normal climatic conditions, which affects most of the zones worldwide. monitoring a very crucial step to detect drought vulnerable and raise awareness about future development. The present study aimed investigate efficiency indicators: standardized precipitation index (SPI) Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) spatially description conditions Babylon gove...

Climatic variability can lead to large-scale alterations in the hydrologic cycle, some of which can be characterized in terms of indices involving precipitation depth, duration and frequency. This study evaluated the spatiotemporal behavior of precipitation indices over the Kentucky River watershed for both the baseline period of 1986–2015 and late-century time frame of 2070–2099. Historical pr...