Possibly, the most important act of faith impressive numbers of behavioral scientists now advocate is the belief that intelligence is educable, is plastic, is a function of practice and training. The host of preschool studies, the Headstart movement, our attempts to break down barriers separating closed institutions from open communities, testify to this pervasive optimism and are the trophies-...

BACKGROUND Autism is currently known as "a behaviorally defined syndrome" manifested as impairment in social communication, repetitive routines and restricted interests. There is an increased risk of ASDs associated with common mutations affecting the folate/methylation cycle. AIM The aim of this study was to identify C677T and 1298AC polymorphic genotypes of MTHFR gene among a sample of Egyp...

way a normal one whose development has been retarded or arrested. He is inferior, not in degree, but in kind. The retardation of his development has not been uniform. Obstructed in one direction his development has progressed in others. ... So far as certain faculties are concerned, he remains at the level of a younger child; but in respect to others, he is on a level with normal children of hi...

This paper challenges the historiographical discontinuity established between earlier "anthropometric testing" and the arrival of "psychological testing" with Binet and Simon's intelligence test in 1905. After some conceptual clarifications, it deals with "word association": a kind of psychological experimentation and testing which became popular over the last two decades of the 19th century. F...

Black children are strikingly overrepresented in special educational programs. For example, 43 percent of the black children in New Jersey’s public school system were classified as Educable Mentally Retarded (EMR) at a time when black children comprised only 17.8 percent of the public school population.1 Disproportionately large numbers of black children have thus been placed in special instruc...

We define binet matrices, which furnish a direct generalization of totally unimodular network matrices and arise from the node-edge incidence matrices of bidirected graphs in the same way as the network matrices do from directed graphs. We develop the necessary theory, give binet representations for interesting sets of matrices, characterize totally unimodular binet matrices and discuss the rec...