Background: The present study aims to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of Dynamic Interspinous Spacer (Coflex®) and Static Spacer (X-STOP ®) compared to Laminectomy (LAMI) in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis.   Methods: A decision-analysis model was developed to estimate the cost-effectiveness. The effectiveness parameters were obtained from a systematic literature review in ...

chamomile serves as one of the most important medicinal plants. the most known secondary metabolites in chamomile species are volatile oils of triponoides, poly stilens, flavonoids and phenolic cafeic acid (krori). these metabolites have wide variety of applications thanks to having medicinal properties of anti-inflammation, antispasmodic and bactericide activity. also it is used to cure liver ...

This paper deals with the technology of using comb filters for FIR Decimation in Digital Signal Processing. The process of decreasing the sampling frequency of a sampled signal is called decimation. In the usage of decimating filters, only a portion of the out-of-pass band frequencies turns into the pass band, in systems wherein different parts operate at different sample rates. A filter design...

This study investigated the neural representation of naturally produced and noise vocoded speech signals in the auditory nerve of the chinchilla. The syllables [see text] produced by male speakers were used to synthesize noise vocoded speech stimuli containing one, two, three and four bands of envelope modulated noise. The ensemble response of the auditory nerve, computed by pooling the PST his...

1 Division of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dr. Everett Chalmers Regional Hospital, Horizon Health Network, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada; 2 Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. * Address correspondence to the author at: Division of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dr. Everett Chalmers Regional Hos...

Adaptive behavior requires the ability to flexibly control actions. This can occur either proactively to anticipate task requirements, or reactively in response to sudden changes. Here we report neuronal activity in the supplementary motor area (SMA) that is correlated with both forms of behavioral control. Single-unit and multiunit activity and intracranial local field potentials (LFPs) were r...

It is not yet well understood how dopaminergic therapy improves cognitive and motor function in Parkinson's disease (PD). One possibility is that it reduces the pathological synchronization within and between the cortex and basal ganglia, thus improving neural communication. We tested this hypothesis by recording scalp electroencephalography (EEG) in PD patients when On and Off medication, duri...