BACKGROUND Recovery of voluntary movement is a main rehabilitation goal. Efforts to identify effective upper limb (UL) interventions after stroke have been unsatisfactory. This study includes personalized impairment-based UL reaching training in virtual reality (VR) combined with non-invasive brain stimulation to enhance motor learning. The approach is guided by limiting reaching training to th...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE More than 70% of individuals who have a stroke experience upper limb deficits that impact daily activities. Increased amount of upper limb therapy has positive effects; however, practical and inexpensive methods of therapy are needed to deliver this increase in therapy. METHODS This was a multi-site single blind randomized controlled trial to determine the effectiveness...

PURPOSE To develop a patient reported outcome measure of active and passive function in the hemiparetic upper limb. METHODS Potential items for inclusion were identified through (a) systematic review and analysis of existing measures and (b) analysis of the primary goals for treatment in a spasticity service. Item reduction was achieved through consultation with a small, purposively selected ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Spasticity is a frequently observed motor impairment that develops after stroke; it can cause pain and disability in those affected. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of tizanidine, a centrally acting alpha(2)-adrenergic agonist, in the treatment of stroke-related spasticity. METHODS Forty-seven patients, who were a minimum of 6 ...

We perform physical therapy combined with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in stroke patients hemiplegia the maintenance phase intent of improving support paralyzed leg. In gait evaluation hemiplegia, it is important to assess elements related coordination carefully. rTMS effective alleviating tension upper limbs. As helps upper-limb swing become evident during gait, makes tr...

The upper motor neuron (UMN) syndrome is a collection of interactive positive signs (associated with spastic hypertonia) and negative signs, such as muscle weakness and loss of voluntary control. In clinical practice, the distinction between active and passive functions allows identifying appropriate treatment objectives. During the last decades, many studies have evaluated the possibility to t...