MW-assisted synthesis enhanced the catalytic properties of supported nanocatalysts, which is desirable for industrial applications. However, wide variations and complexities in MW methods need to be simplified, as demonstrated graphic.

The structure of Bénard–Marangoni convection cells can be controlled by periodic topographic patterns on the heated surface that generates the convection. When the periodicity of the topographic pattern matches the intrinsic periodicity of the convection cells, a convective pattern is formed that is 1:1 commensurate with the topographic pattern. Arrays of hexagonal, square, and triangular conve...

Maps serve as a ubiquitous organizing principle in the mammalian brain. In several sensory systems, such as audition, vision, and somatosensation, topographic maps are evident throughout multiple levels of brain pathways. Topographic maps, like retinotopy and tonotopy, persist from the receptor surface up to the cortex. Other maps, such as those of orientation preference in the visual cortex, a...

Fractional snow-covered area (SCA) is a key parameter in large-scale hydrological, meteorological and regional climate models. Since SCA affects albedos and surface energy balance fluxes, it is especially of interest over mountainous terrain where generally a reduced SCA is observed in large grid cells. Temporal and spatial snow distributions are, however, difficult to measure over complex topo...

Lunar topographic data revealed a large population of large impact basins not previously recognized by standard photogeologic mapping. Crustal thickness model data reveal the presence of even more. The total number of lunar basins > 300 km diameter may exceed 150, more than 3 times that determined by photogeologic mapping alone. Introduction: Photogeologic mapping suggested the cumulative numbe...

In this article, Finite Element Method (FEM) and Eulerian-Lagrangies Algorithm (ELA) formulation were used to numerically simulate the impact of several low-velocity projectiles with water surface. Material models which were used to express behavior of air and water included Null material model. For the projectiles, rigid material model were applied. Results were validated by analyzing the impa...

Disaster risks are the results of complex spatiotemporal interactions between risk components, impacts and societal response. The complexities these increase when multi-risk events occur in vulnerable contexts characterized by ethnic conflicts, unstable governments, high levels poverty, resulting that larger than anticipated. Yet, only few studies explore human-environment interactions, as most...

New capabilities of the Berg–Barrett topographic method are demonstrated using a skew-asymmetric X-ray diffraction scheme for investigating structural changes near the surface of semiconductor materials. Specifying the X-ray extinction depth, the details of defects and strains are revealed with high resolution. Consequently, analysis of structural distortion of layers near the surface after var...