نتایج جستجو برای: surplus
تعداد نتایج: 7344 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
Wildland fire is an important disturbance agent in the western US and globally. However, the natural role of fire has been disrupted in many regions due to the influence of human activities, which have the potential to either exclude or promote fire, resulting in a ‘‘fire deficit’’ or ‘‘fire surplus’’, respectively. In this study, we developed a model of expected area burned for the western US ...
We show modern information technology (in short IT) is the cause of rising income and wealth inequality since the 1970's and has contributed to slow growth of wages and decline in the natural rate. Hence, the source of most improvements in our living standards also causes social losses and rising inequality. We first study all US firms whose securities trade on public exchanges. Surplus wealth ...
It is well-known that efficient use of congestible resources can be achieved via marginal pricing; however, payments collected from the agents generate a budget surplus, which reduces social welfare. We show that an asymptotically first-best solution in the number of agents can be achieved by the appropriate redistribution of the budget surplus back to the agents.
In this paper, we examine the consequences of demand-function heterogeneity for the estimation of the consumer surplus. In particular, we show that, given a linear demand function with random coefficients, one can consistently estimate the consumer surplus distribution without making parametric assumptions about the coefficient distribution. The approach is illustrated using data on gasoline co...
as an industrial crop, sugar beet plays an important role in meeting domestic demand for sugar. given the higher level of imported sugar iniran, the application of protectionist policies is an approach for supplying required sugar. one of these policies is technological improvement. in order to study the effect of this policy, sugar beet supply and demand equations in 1971-2008 were fitted by t...
the main hypothesis in this paper is that sahebe javaher is be wrong related to exact calculating of surplus of blood money to the difference sexuality (male, femal , hermaphrodite). in this paper which written on descriptive- analytic, the author in first time criticize on sahebe javaher view point about to participate in killing of on muslim person regarding to circumstances of calculation of...
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