Maximum power point tracking controller is essential to obtain the maximum power from a solar array in the photovoltaic systems as the PV power module varies with the temperature and solar irradiation. In this paper, several methods for the MPPT of the PV systems are discussed and it can to be used as a Helpful reference for the upcoming MPPT user in the PV applications.

Fibre Bragg grating (FBG) temperature sensors have already shown short-term radiation tolerance in nuclear environments. However, the effect of long-term irradiation needed to be investigated. We therefore characterized multiplexed FBG temperature sensors inserted early 2000 in an irradiation channel of a low flux nuclear reactor. After 50 months, we show that the sensors still operate satisfac...

The fluence to effective-dose and organ-absorbed-dose conversion coefficients for charged pions and muons were calculated based on the instructions given in ICRP Publication 103. For the calculation, the particle motions in the ICRP/ICRU adult reference computational phantoms were simulated using the PHITS code for four idealized irradiation geometries as well as those closely representing the ...

GLh(n) × GLh′(m)-covariant (hh)-bosonic (or (hh)-fermionic) algebras Ahh′±(n,m) are built in terms of the corresponding Rh and Rh′-matrices by contracting the GLq(n) × GLq±1(m)-covariant q-bosonic (or q-fermionic) algebras A q± (n,m), α = 1, 2. When using a basis of A q± (n,m) wherein the annihilation operators are contragredient to the creation ones, this contraction procedure can be carried o...

Pressurized water reactor (PWR) cores operate under extreme environmental conditions due to coolant chemistry, operating temperature, and neutron exposure. Extending the life of PWRs requires detailed knowledge of the changes in mechanical and corrosion properties of the structural austenitic stainless steel components adjacent to the fuel (internals) that are inherent to such conditions. This ...

introduction : this in vitro study was designed to measure and compare the amount of temperature rise in the pulp chamber of the teeth exposed to different light curing units (lcu), which are being used for curing composite restorations. methods: the study was performed in two settings; first, an in vitro and second was mimicking an in vivo situation. in the first setup of the study, three grou...