temperature profile determination in soils under adverse conditions of variable heat capacity and conductivity is a rather hard task. the heat capacity and conductivity are moisture dependent and both vary with the soil density. moisture movement on the other hand is temperature dependent and so the two interact. no single mathematical formulae as yet exists for anticipating the temperature dis...

Anisotropic charge transport is observed in a two-dimensional (2D) hole system in a perpendicular magnetic field at filling factors nu=7/2, nu=11/2, and nu=13/2 at low temperature. In stark contrast, the transport at nu=9/2 is isotropic for all temperatures. Isotropic hole transport at nu=7/2 is restored for sufficiently low 2D densities or an asymmetric confining potential. The density and sym...

Abstract Heat-moisture treatment is a physical method for starch modification to improve its functional properties depending on the application. The functional characteristics of the heat-moisture treated starch depend upon the source of starch and treatment conditions including time and temperature. The main objective of this study was to determine the functional properties of heat-moisture tr...

The Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission, developed by the European Space Agency (ESA), will be launched in the second half of 2009. It will be the first L-band (~1.4 GHz) passive microwave satellite specifically designed for global soil moisture observations, with an expected accuracy for the retrieved soil moisture of ~0.04 m/m. While passive microwave observations have been widely...

kurdistan rasa grape is one of the delicious and sweet fruits with black color. it contains vitamins e, c and some protectors such as antioxidants. in order to design equipments and facilities for drying, preservation and processing of rasa grape, it is necessary and important to know about its specific heat and thermal conductivity. in this paper the specific heat and thermal conductivity of r...

In this two-part study, a single-Doppler parameter retrieval technique is developed and applied to a real-data case to provide model initial conditions for a short-range prediction of a supercell thunderstorm. The technique consists of the sequential application of a single-Doppler velocity retrieval (SDVR), followed by a variational velocity adjustment, a thermodynamic retrieval, and a moistur...

Lotus-type porous aluminum with cylindrical pores oriented in one direction was fabricated by a casting method utilizing the decomposition of moisture in a vacuum. Hydrogen decomposed from moisture is utilized for cylindrical pores to grow during unidirectional solidification. However, pores are not formed in the case of a casting in hydrogen or argon atmosphere, because hydrogen or argon gas p...

Wildfire risk assessment has traditionally been carried out using models based on meteorological parameters measured at spatially sparse weather stations. Remote sensing techniques can offer a cost effective way of esimating the required parameters such as fuel moisture and fuel temperature in near-real time. Moreover remote sensing can provide wide area coverage and thus circumvent errors intr...