Although higher levels of physical activity are inversely associated with risk of colon cancer, few prospective studies have evaluated overall digestive system cancer mortality in relation to cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). The authors examined this association among 38,801 men ages 20 to 88 years who performed a maximal treadmill exercise test at baseline in the Aerobics Center Longitudinal S...

Applied with remote sensing, GIS, and mathematical statistics, the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics of urbanization expansion of Yantai city from 1974 to 2009 was studied. Based on landscape pattern metrics and ecological risk index, the landscape ecological risk from the landscape pattern dynamics was evaluated. The results showed that the area of urban land increased by 189.77 km(2)...

Opening to the outside world has an impact on Income gap between urban and rural areas. From perspective of internal transmission mechanism, opening promoted redistribution labor force areas increase residents' wages while adjusting industrial structure. external trade openness a significant through regulation transportation infrastructure. Based above analysis, this paper explores specific mec...

In this paper we survey the literature on the Black-Litterman model. This survey is provided both as a chronology and a taxonomy as there are many claims on the model in the literature. We provide a complete description of the canonical model including full derivations from the underlying principles using both Theil's Mixed Estimation model and Bayes Theory. The various parameters of the model ...

Procedures for computing the full information maximum likelihood (FIML) estimates of the parameters of a system of simultaneous regression equations have been described by Koopmans, Rubin, and Leipnik [5], Chernoff and Divinsky [2], Brown [1], and Eisenpress [4]. However, all of these methods are rather complicated since they are based on estimating equations that are expressed in an inconvenie...

Streamflow is an important factor in the study of water resource management, floods, and droughts. Dramatic climate change has created extreme rainfall distributions, making the study of streamflow trends and variability even more crucial. In this study, the long-term streamflow data and trends recorded at gauging stations in Northern Taiwan are analyzed using the Mann-Kendall test. The data us...

Compulsory education is an important aspect of the societal development. Meanwhile, education equality safeguards the effectiveness of education systems and is an important part of social equality. This study analyzes the inequality of compulsory education from the perspective of imbalanced spatial distribution. Unlike previous studies that have measured the spatial distribution of education si...

Debates about poverty relief and foreign aid often hinge on claims about how many poor people there are in the world and what constitutes poverty. Good measures of poverty are essential for addressing the world poverty problem. Measures of poverty require a basis for determining who is poor and a method of aggregation. Historically, the methods of aggregation were quite simple. The headcount in...

Child health has been addressed as a priority at both global and national levels for many decades. In China, difficulty of accessing paediatricians has been of debate for a long time, however, there is limited evidence to assess the population- and geography-related inequality of paediatric workforce distribution. This study aimed to analyse the inequality of the distributions of the paediatric...