BACKGROUND: A major issue in many gene expressionstudies utilizing small amount of biological materials is thelimited quantity of RNApurified from clinical samples, which isoften used for RT-PCR or standard Northern blot analysis.OBJECTIVES: The SMART cDNA synthesis method and subsequentSMART-cDNA-PCR technique was used to analyse 3genes in macroschizonts of Theileria annulata in small lymphnod...

A reverse line blot (RLB) assay was developed for the identification of cattle carrying different species of Theileria and Babesia simultaneously. We included Theileria annulata, T. parva, T. mutans, T. taurotragi, and T. velifera in the assay, as well as parasites belonging to the T. sergenti-T. buffeli-T. orientalis group. The Babesia species included were Babesia bovis, B. bigemina, and B. d...

Tropical infectious disease prevalence is dependent on many socio-cultural determinants. However, rainfall and temperature frequently underlie overall prevalence, particularly for vector-borne diseases. As a result these diseases have increased prevalence in tropical as compared to temperate regions. Specific to tropical Africa, the tendency to incorrectly infer that tropical diseases are unifo...

In this study, the kinetics of specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) isotypes were characterized in Babesia equi (Theileria equi)-infected horses. IgGa and IgGb developed during acute infection, whereas IgG(T) was detected only after resolution of acute parasitemia. The same IgG isotype profile induced during acute infection was obtained by equi merozoite antigen 1/saponin immunization.

Objective: To estimate the infection of ticks to Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, Babesia, Theileria, and Brucellaceae using molecular methods in borderline Iran, Azerbaijan, Armenia. Methods: Totally, 2 022 were collected from different livestock. Then, species diagnosed under stereomicroscope according valid morphological keys. Tick DNA was extracted followed by PCR detect Babesia ticks.Results: A total...

equine piroplasmosis is a tickborne disease of equids with worldwide distribution, caused by theileria equi and babesia caballi. the aim of this study was molecular detection of t. equi and b. caballi in donkeys in northeastern iran and investigate the association between positivity of piroplasm infection and host-related factors. in the present study, blood samples were collected from 106 appa...