To match the NBER business cycle features it is necessary to employ Generalised dynamic categorical (GDC) models that impose certain phase restrictions and permit multiple indexes. Theory suggests additional shape restrictions in the form of monotonicity and boundedness of certain transition probabilities. Maximum likelihood and constraint weighted bootstrap estimators are developed to impose t...

network expansion studies normally offer new power lines, new substations or expansion of existing substations. they are generally proposed based on technical requirements, but financial restrictions are not considered. because of financial restrictions, ranking of network expansion plans is required. in this paper an algorithm for such ranking, based on technical and financial view points and ...

Return-To-Scale (RTS) is a most important topic in DEA. Many methods are not obtained for estimating RTS in DEA, yet. In this paper has developed the Banker-Trall approach to identify situation for RTS for the BCC model "multiplier form" with virtual weight restrictions that are imposed to model by DM judgments. Imposing weight restrictions to DEA models often has created problem of infeasibili...

‎we consider two commutativity ratios $pr(g)$ and $f(g)$ in a finite group $g$‎ ‎and examine the properties of $g$ when these ratios are `large'‎. ‎we show that‎ ‎if $pr(g) > frac{7}{24}$‎, ‎then $g$ is metabelian and we give threshold‎ ‎results in the cases where $g$ is insoluble and $g'$ is nilpotent‎. ‎we also‎ ‎show that if $f(g) > frac{1}{2}$‎, ‎then $f(g) = frac{n+1}{2n}$‎, ‎for some‎ ‎na...

0

Area restrictions prohibiting people from entering drug scenes or areas where they were arrested are a common socio-legal mechanism employed to regulate the spatial practices of people who use drugs (PWUD). To explore how socio-spatial patterns stemming from area restrictions shape risk, harm, and health care access, qualitative interviews and mapping exercises were conducted with 24 PWUD with ...

The existing management of property restrictions and responsibilities poses a major barrier to achieving sustainable land management. Administrative responses have concentrated on organising information rather than achieving the original policy objectives of good land management. Disparate management of individual restrictions has made it extremely difficult to develop and evaluate the effects ...

Theoretical models of the relationship between investment and the current account impose restrictions on the joint dynamic behavior of these variables. These restrictions come in two forms. One imposes causal orderings on investment and the current account. The other restriction concerns the permanent responses of these variables to different shocks. We use these restrictions to identify empiri...