The benefits of deammonification to remove nitrogen from sidestreams, i.e., sludge dewatering liquors, in municipal wastewater treatment plants are well accepted. ammonia removal liquors originated thermal hydrolysis/anaerobic digestion (THP/AD) deemed challenging. Many different commercial technologies have been applied varying reactor design, biomass growth form and instrumentation control st...

We examined differences in cellular responses to multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) using malignant pleural mesothelioma cells (MESO-1), bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B), neuroblastoma cells (IMR-32), and monoblastic cells (THP-1), before and after differentiation. MESO-1, BEAS-2B and differentiated THP-1 cells actively endocytosed MWCNTs, resulting in cytotoxicity with lysosomal injury...

Progesterone (pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione; P) and its metabolite 5alpha-pregnan-3alpha-ol-20-one (3alpha,5alpha-THP) are secreted by ovaries, adrenals, and glial cells. 3alpha,5alpha-THP in the midbrain ventral tegmental area mediates sexual receptivity of rodents through its actions at GABA(A), NMDA, and/or D(1) receptors. The extent to which 3alpha,5alpha-THP may influence anti-anxiety/anti-stress...

Tetrahydropyranyl (Thp) is recognized as a useful protecting group for alcohols in organic synthesis. It has several advantages, including low cost, ease of introduction, general stability to most non-acidic reagents, it confers good solubility, and the ease with which it can be removed if the functional group it protects requires manipulation. However, little attention has been paid to Thp in ...

Mice lacking a functional cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene develop abnormal kidneys that contain hypoplastic glomeruli and reduced proximal tubular mass, and they often die of renal failure. A comparison of kidney-specific gene expression between wild-type and COX-2-deficient mice by cDNA microarrays revealed that although more than 500 mRNAs were differentially expressed between the two strains o...

The MLL-AF9 oncogene originates from the translocation t(9;11)(p22;q23), which is mainly associated with monocytic acute myeloid leukaemia (AML-M5; FABclassification). In AML-M5 THP-1 cells carrying t(9;11) (p22;q23) and expressing MLL-AF9, we previously showed that MLL-AF9 expression is down-regulated during monocytemacrophage maturation. We have subsequently observed that in a ‘rapid-growing’...

We have explored the role of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 (PAI-2) in THP-1 monocyte–like cells. These cells possess a mutation in the PAI-2 gene and do not produce an active PAI-2 protein. Transfection of THP-1 cells with plasmids expressing active PAI-2 reduced the cells’ inherent adhesive properties and decreased the rate of cell proliferation. THP-1 cells expressing active PAI-2 al...

Immature dendritic cells (DCs) modulate differentiation markers following in vitro exposure to chemicals generating contact allergies. THP-1 is a monocytoid cell line maintaining some differentiating plasticity. In this study, human DCs and THP-1 cells were compared as in vitro models to predict contact sensitisation of chemicals with different sensitising potential. Expression of CD80 and CD86...

BACKGROUND Immunomodulators such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and forskolin change the nature of dendritic cells (DCs) to induce Th1 and Th2 cells, respectively, thereby designated Th1 or Th2 adjuvants. Our previous study showed that such activities can be qualitatively evaluated by expression patterns of Notch ligand isoforms, using human monocyte-derived DCs and some leukemic cell lines, such...

Mycoplasma contamination of cultured cell lines is a serious problem in research, altering cellular response to different stimuli thus compromising experimental results. We found that chronic mycoplasma contamination of THP-1 cells suppresses responses of THP-1 cells to TLR stimuli. For example, E. coli LPS induced IL-1 beta was suppressed by 6 fold and IL-8 by 10 fold in mycoplasma positive TH...