What qualities lead some Internet videos to reach millions of viewers while others languish in obscurity? This question has been largely unexamined empirically. We addressed this issue by examining the role of emotional response and video source on the likelihood of spreading an Internet video by validating the emotional response to an Internet video and investigating the underlying mechanisms....

Roshan Weerasekera, Dinesh Pamunuwa, Matt Grange † †Centre for Microsystems Engineering, Faculty of Science & Technology, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YR, UK. Email: {r.weerasekera,d.pamunuwa,m.grange}@lancaster.ac.uk Hannu Tenhunen, Li-Rong Zheng ∗ Department of Electronics, Computer, and Software Systems, KTH School of Information and Communication Technologies, ELECTRUM 229, 164 40 K...

We give a Clifford+T representation of the Toffoli gate of T -depth 1, using four ancillas. More generally, we describe a class of circuits whose T -depth can be reduced to 1 by using sufficiently many ancillas. We show that the cost of adding an additional control to any controlled gate is at most 8 additional T -gates, and T -depth 2. We also show that the circuit THT does not possess a T -de...

This paper reviews the major adhesives and processes used for 3D TSV thin wafer handling, provides thermal and other performance data on the materials and processes and attempts to establish a first order estimate of process related thermal performance using a common analytical method.

One challenge of economics is that the systems treated by these sciences have no perfect metronome in time and no perfect spatial architecture—crystalline or otherwise. Nonetheless, as if by magic, out of nothing but randomness one finds remarkably fine-tuned processes in time. We present an overview of recent research joining practitioners of economic theory and statistical physics to try to b...

Extreme events such as natural or technological disasters challenge society’s capabilities for planning and response. While advanced technologies and modeling techniques continue to expand how society can limit and manage extreme events, flexibility and an ability to improvise remain crucial in responding to them. By analyzing a case from the response to the 2001 World Trade Center attack, this...

A methodology is proposed for studying rare events in stochastic partial differential equations in systems that are so large that standard large deviation theory does not apply. The idea is to deduce the behavior of the original model by breaking the system into appropriately scaled subsystems that are sufficiently small for large deviation theory to apply but sufficiently large to be asymptoti...

Who could disagree with the seemingly common-sense reasoning that: “We must learn from the things that go wrong.”? Despite major investments to improve patient safety, relatively few evaluations demonstrate convincing reductions in risk, harm, serious error or death. This disappointing trajectory of improvement from learning from errors or Safety-I as it is sometimes known has led some research...