For achieving accurate and safe measurements of the force and power exerted on a load during resistance exercise, the Smith machine has been used instead of free weights. However, because some Smith machines possess counterweights, the equation for the calculation of force and power in this system should be different from the one used for free weights. The purpose of this investigation was to c...

INTRODUCTION Many forms of movements were combined with several motor skills, example for catching and passing skills of baseball infields. From the viewpoint of dynamic system theory, these motor skills might be affected by each motor (Newell & Corcos, 1993). For handball players, the skill of moving body and passing the ball were very important. One of the abilities in passing ball was relate...

The incidence of shoulder injuries in the paediatric athletic population continues to increase with increased participation particularly in throwing and overhead sports. While soft tissue injuries can occur, the physis remains the weak link and site of injury in many cases. Injury prevention targets proper throwing mechanics and the avoidance of overuse injuries by monitoring the amount of trai...

Team handball is an Olympic sport played professionally in many European countries. Nevertheless, a scientific knowledge regarding women's elite team handball demands is limited. Thus, the purpose of this article was to review a series of studies (n = 33) on physical characteristics, physiological attributes, physical attributes, throwing velocity, and on-court performances of women's team hand...

Optimum projection angles for achieving maximum horizontal range in throwing and jumping events are considerably less than 45°. This unexpected result arises because an athlete can generate a greater projection velocity at low projection angles than at high angles. The range of a projectile is strongly dependent on projection speed and so the optimum projection angle is biased towards low proje...

this study aimed at examining the effect of different focus of attention instructions and cognitive styles on the learning of dart throwing skill. 80 children were randomly selected and divided into four equal groups: a) field independent-external attention, b) field independent-internal attention, c) field dependent-external attention and d) field independent-internal attention based on their ...

With millions of athletes participating in baseball in the United States annually, overuse injuries are common occurrences. Epidemiological studies, including surveys of orthopaedic surgeons, coaches, and athletes, indicate that injuries such as those to the ulnar collateral ligament are increasing in incidence. Many risk factors for throwing injuries have been proposed-including the immature s...