One of the possible ways to ensure future food needs of an increasing world population involves the better water use through the development of crop varieties which need less water and are more tolerant to drought. In order to study the response of twenty landraces of bread wheat to drought stress, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications under t...

Invasive species that penetrate habitat boundaries are likely to experience strong selection and rapid evolution. This study documents evolutionary shifts in tolerance and performance following the invasion of fresh water by the predominantly estuarine and salt marsh copepod Eurytemora affinis. Common-garden experiments were performed on freshwater-invading (Lake Michigan) and ancestral saline ...

Tolerance is an important determinant of addiction as well as therapeutic and/or toxic effects of drugs. The development of acute tolerance to various effects of nicotine was studied in nine healthy smokers who were abstaining from tobacco. Nicotine was infused rapidly to reach a concentration of about 25 ng/ml, followed by a computer-controlled infusion to maintain that concentration. A novel ...

The cellular basis of tolerance to, and dependence upon, many types of drugs, including opioids, has long defied identification. Tolerance to opioids cannot be explained solely on the basis of modification of opioid receptors or altered metabolism or disposition of the opioid. The development of tolerance following chronic exposure to opioids presents at least three different types of change in...

drug when nearing exhaustion which would lead to a decline in the response to the drug. Most likely the development of drug tolerance to beta, agonists involves more than one mechanism. The workshop was fruitful in amunulating further evidence that drug tolerance to beta, agonists does develop. It is clear that further studies are needed to define the clinical sigdicance of drug tolerance, the ...

Objective(s):Morphine is widely used to treat chronic pain. However, its utility is hindered by the development of tolerance to its analgesic effects. Despite the renowned beneficial effects of physical exercise on cognitive functions and signs of morphine withdrawal in morphine-dependent rats, little is known about the roles of voluntary and forced exercises in tolerance to analgesic effect of...

BACKGROUND Within the GABA(A)-receptor field, two important questions are what molecular mechanisms underlie benzodiazepine tolerance, and whether tolerance can be ascribed to certain GABA(A)-receptor subtypes. METHODS We investigated tolerance to acute anxiolytic, hypothermic and sedative effects of diazepam in mice exposed for 28-days to non-selective/selective GABA(A)-receptor positive all...

Anesthesiology, V 124 • No 2 483 February 2016 O PIOIDS are highly effective analgesics and as such form the mainstay of pain management after surgery. However, they are associated with a formidable array of side effects, some of them potentially lethal. Also, the opioid signaling system has a remarkable ability—possibly unequaled by any other receptor system...

Immunological tolerance can be defined as an unresponsiveness of T and/or B cells to self antigens. Low responsiveness of T cells and/or B cells to self antigens could be termed partial tolerance. Protection from the development of autoimmune diseases and acceptance of transplanted organs or tissue are due to effective tolerance to self antigens and alloantigens, respectively. The breakdown of ...