E A C H Y E A R the Board of Trustees of the Federal o ld-age a n d survivors Insurance trust fund is required to subm i t to Congress a report dealing with the past and prospective operations and status of the trust fund. These reports were first required by the S o cial Security Act Amendments of 1939, and in accordance wi th these amendm e n t s the first report was submitted in January 1941...

We propose a tracing scheme of e-cash which has not only fair tracing ability but also lower computational complexity for comparisons. Many other protocols allow optimistic fair tracing which means that illegal tracing can be found after tracing and depositing in bank. But in this scheme, illegal tracing done by bank alone is impossible. We propose a marking mechanism based on a variant of an O...

What does libertarian theory, Murray Rothbard’s theory in particular, tell us about the rights of children? The two foundational principles of Rothbardian libertarianism are the sanctity of private property and the rule of non-aggression. Persons, including children, are “self-owners”. Yet children, at a young age, are not yet capable of functioning fully as “self-owners.” They must be cared fo...

Background and Objectives: Evidence shows that transfer of hospital governance to board of trustees can positively influence hospital performance. Iran has initiated implementing such a transformation and a number of hospitals have been involved in this reform. This study aimed to explore the effectiveness of such a reform by examining performance profile of a sample hospital across the interve...