Our interest in this paper is to define and study the concept of a fuzzy hypergroup, which depends on the concept of a fuzzy space. Indeed, the paper is a continuation of ideas presented by Davvaz [Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 101 (1999) 191-195]. A relation between a fuzzy hypergroup based on a fuzzy space and a fuzzy hypergroup in the sense of Davvaz is obtained 2010 AMS Classification: 20N20

Using mid-infrared and radio criteria, we select a sample of candidate z ∼ 2 obscured quasars. Optical spectroscopy confirms about half of these as type-2 quasars, and modelling the population suggests 50-80% of the quasars are obscured. We find some flat radio spectrum type-2 quasars, and tentative evidence for obscuration unrelated to the torus. Using a similar sample, we also find evidence f...

T is my great pleasure to welcome you to the inaugural I issue of the IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON FUZZY SYSTEMS. Many of you are probably quite familiar with the basic ideas underlying fuzzy sets and systems that utilize fuzzy models. However, there will also be readers who are looking at the contents of this issue, wondering what it’s all about. For this latter group, the papers in this first issue m...

The concepts of fuzzy e-open sets and fuzzy e-continuous are introduced and studied in fuzzifying topology and by making use of these concepts, we introduce and study T e 0 -, R e 0-, T e 1 -, R e 1-, T e 2 -, T e 3 -, T e 4 -, strong T e 3 and strong T e 4 separation axioms in fuzzifying topology and give some of their characterizations as well as the relations of these axioms and other separa...

This paper examines equilibrium determination under different monetary policy regimes when the government might default on its debt. We apply a cash-inadvance model where the government does not have access to non-distortionary taxation and does not account for initial outstanding debt when it sets the income tax rate. Solvency is then not guaranteed and sovereign default can affect the return ...

Solomon Benatar offers an important critique of the limited frame that sets the boundaries of much of what is referred to as ‘global health.’ In placing his comments within a criticism of increasing poverty (or certainly income and wealth inequalities) and the decline in our environmental commons, he locates our health inequities within the pathology of our present global economy. In that respe...

A transversal generated by a system of distinct representatives (SDR) for a collection of sets consists of an element from each set (its representative) such that the representative uniquely identifies the set it belongs to. Theorem 1 gives a necessary and sufficient condition that an arbitrary collection, finite or infinite, of sets, finite or infinite, have an SDR. The proof is direct, short....

In this paper we associate the three concepts of language, thinking, and meaning with Fuzzy Sets and Systems and Fuzzy Logic. We present some developments in 20 th century history of science and of humanities that show deep links between these concepts and we give a proposal for a fuzzy theoretical interpretation of what is meaning.

Recently, Vemuri and Jayaram proposed a novel method of generating fuzzy implications from a given pair of fuzzy implications. Viewing this as a binary operation ~ on the set I of all fuzzy implications they obtained, for the first time, a monoid structure (I,~) on the set I. Some algebraic aspects of (I,~) had already been explored and hitherto unknown representation results for the Yager’s fa...

This paper is a continuation of the first part of our study on type 〈1, 1〉 fuzzy quantifiers determined by fuzzy measures, in which the basic notions and examples were introduced. Here, we study the properties of permutation invariance and isomorphism invariance of fuzzy quantifiers determined by pairs of functionals (S, φ) and their special cases, e.g., fuzzy quantifiers defined by fuzzy measu...