Background For the purpose of understanding the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA’s) concerns regarding online promotion of prescription drugs advertised directly to consumers, this study examines notices of violations (NOVs) and warning letters issued by the FDA to pharmaceutical manufacturers.   Methods The FDA’s warning letters and NOVs, which were issued to pharmaceutical companies over a...

I discuss theories of violations of statistics, including intermediate statistics, parastatistics, parons, and quons. I emphasize quons, which allow small violations of statistics. I analyze the quon algebra and its representations, implications of the algebra including the observables allowed by the superselection rule separating inequivalent representations of the symmetric group, the conserv...

The most common reason for plan repair are the violation of a plan’s temporal constraints. Air Traffic Control is an example of an area in which violations of the plan’s temporal constraints is rather a rule than an exception. In such domains there is a need for identifying the underlying causes of the constraint violations in order to improve plan repairs and to anticipate future constraint vi...

This study investigates perceptions of swearing from an expectancy violations perspective. Degree of expectancy violation is hypothesized to depend on several communicator, relationship, contextual, and message characteristics. Results support that expectancy violations are related to the formality of the situation in which swearing occurs and the specific swearing phrase. No support is found f...

The views and opinions of the authors [or agency] expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the U. S. Abstract The focus of the research reported herein was on assessing the long-term effectiveness of median barriers at highway-rail grade crossings (HRGCs), the impacts of barrier maintenance in resurrecting safety, and on exploring and assessing ways to improve pedestrian an...

Upon release, Pokemon Go, an augmented reality technology based game garnered tremendous interest in the public, with an average of 20 million daily active users. The game combines geo-spatial elements along with gamification practices to incentivize it’s users movement in the physical world. Such incentives can have potential externalities to businesses associated with them. Using online revie...

This paper addresses the question of whether the international criminal court can deter future violations of human rights. The author argues that this endeavor, while promising, is still in an incipient stage and that the general expectation that human rights violations will be deterred through the mere establishment of the court is ill founded. Neutralization—that is, depriving perpetrators of...

Several experimental studies have observed substantial violations of transitivity for decisions between risky lotteries over monetary outcomes. The goal of our experiment is to test whether these violations also affect the evaluation of health states. A particular feature of our experimental design is that it takes into account the possible role of decision errors for generating violations of t...

The aim of this event-related fMRI study was to investigate the cortical networks involved in case processing, an operation that is crucial to language comprehension yet whose neural underpinnings are not well-understood. What is the relationship of these networks to those that serve other aspects of syntactic and semantic processing? Participants read Basque sentences that contained case viola...

Changes in oscillatory brain dynamics can be studied by means of induced band power (IBP) analyses, which quantify event-related changes in amplitude of frequency-specific EEG rhythms. Such analyses capture EEG phenomena that are not part of traditional event-related potential measures. The present study investigated whether IBP changes in the , , and frequency ranges are sensitive to syntactic...