ATROPINE, perhaps the drug most used in ophthalmology, is prone to cause contact-irritation, often at a time when continued mydriasis is essential, in patients on long-term treatment. Unfortunately, most substitutes are less effective in producing mydriasis, and not infrequently contact-irritation is developed to these substitutes in rapid succession. Lachescine (E3) was developed in Great Brit...

Sodium and Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate are anionic surfactants used in cosmetics as cleansing agents. In absorption, metabolism, and excretion studies, Sodium Lauryl Sulfate had a degenerative effect on the cell membranes because of its protein denaturing properties. Low levels of skin penetration may occur at high use concentration. Sodium Lauryl Sulfate had an LD50 of 0.8 to 1.10 g/kg in rats. A ...

BackgroundVaginal dysbiosis covers imbalances in the vaginal microbiota, defined by altered composition of bacteria, viruses, and fungi is associated with euploid pregnancy losses, premature birth, infertility, or bacterial vaginosis. A large proportion women who have do not experience any symptoms. Antibiotics are traditional treatment, recently combined local probiotics some cases. Vaginal Mi...

Sir, Mechanical irritation interdental loop wiring and intermaxillary fixation causes inflammation of oral mucosa, marginal gingiva and lips is virtually unavoidable in maxillofacial surgery.[1] Filippi et al. compared different types of splints (composite wire splinting, button bracket splinting, resine splinting and titanium trauma splinting) by means of irritation on gingival mucosa and lips...

Irritation of eyes and upper airways--sensory irritation--is commonly used as a parameter for setting occupational exposure limits and is a common complaint in occupants of non-industrial buildings. Sensory irritation occurs from stimulation of receptors on trigeminal nerves. In general, chemically reactive compounds are more potent than non-reactive congeners. Animal studies allow prediction o...

Sir,?The following facts may possibly be of interest to your readers and of use in cases similar to my own. For several years I suffered from an irritating skin disease which, without pathological examination of scrapings, was diagnosed variously as " tinea" or "lichen." Various doctors prescribed various ointments ?chrysarobin, benzoic, resorcin, salicylic, etc., etc., and iodine liniment, all...

ECVAM, Institute for Health & Consumer Protection, European Commission Joint Research Centre, 21020 Ispra (VA), Italy; EVIC FRANCE,33290 Blanquefort, France; Syngenta, Central Toxicology Laboratory, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TJ, UK; SEAC, Unilever Colworth Laboratory, Sharnbrook Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ,,UK; ZEBET BfR, Diedersdorfer Weg 1, 12277 Berlin, Germany; TNO Nutrition & F...

It is known that perceived intrusiveness and privacy concerns, mediated by irritation, indirectly affect advertising avoidance. This research attempts to verify the importance of value investigating its moderated mediation effect on links between those endogenous variables. The model was empirically verified with data derived from 374 valid off-line responses. Analysis found both concerns incre...

Upper airway irritation and airflow limitation have been reported in mice during single exposures to the oxidation products (OPs) of isoprene, a hemiterpene emitted by humans and vegetation. This study evaluated the respiratory effects of repeated exposures to isoprene OPs. Male mice of 6 strains were exposed to a reaction mixture comprised of 3227 ± 157 ppm isoprene and 1080 ± 155 ppm ozone 3 ...

BACKGROUND Vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) is a condition associated with decreased estrogenization of the vaginal tissue, which can result in vaginal dryness, irritation, and dyspareunia. This study quantified the burden associated with VVA symptoms across the United States and Europe and compared this burden with other chronic conditions. METHODS Data were analyzed from the International Women's...