This paper describes the design of CMOS millimeterwave voltage controlled oscillators. Varactor, transistor, and inductor designs are optimized to reduce the parasitic capacitances. An investigation of tradeoff between quality factor and tuning range for MOS varactors at 24 GHz has shown that the polysilicon gate lengths between 0.18 and 0.24 m result both good quality factor ( 12) and max min ...

A RF voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) employs an onchip, high-Q, three-dimensional (3-D) coil inductor and micromachined variable capacitor for frequency tuning. Unlike conventional spiral inductors, the 3-D inductor minimizes the substrate loss and achieves a record Q of 30 at 1 GHz. The micromachined variable capacitor achieves a 15% tuning range with a nominal 2pF capacitance and a Q valu...

A low phase noise, small power dissipation and small sized K-band cascode differential voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) with capacitive feedback topology using 0.18 μm CMOS technology is described. The VCO operated can be tuned between 19.1 GHz and 20.9 GHz and has low phase noise of -108.67 dBc/Hz at a 1 MHz offset. The output power of the 20.7 GHz is about -21.12 dBm. The Figure of merit (...

Phenolic compounds are secondary metabolites widely distributed in plants. This study aims to extract the phenolics in Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) and study its cytotoxic effect on human Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HepG2). Using Fast Blue BB, the crude phenolic extract of VCO yielded 25.54 ppm gallic acid equivalence per 0.5 mg/ml sample. The antioxidant capacity of the phenolic extract gave an IC50...

A low phase-noise wide tuning range VCO is a critical building block in high-performance serial interface circuits. A negativeresistance cell that has a small effective parasitic capacitance combined with high-quality LC tanks are crucial for high quality VCOs. There have been several efforts to reduce the parasitic capacitance of the basic Armstrong structure [1,2] to improve the VCO performan...

The use of VCO-based quantization within continuous-time (CT) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) structures is explored, with a custom prototype in 0.13 m CMOS showing measured performance of 86/72 dB SNR/SNDR with 10 MHz bandwidth while consuming 40 mW from a 1.2 V supply and occupying an active area of 640 m 660 m. A key element of the ADC structure is a 5-bit VCO-based quantizer clocked at 95...

BACKGROUND Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) clearly holds prognostic value in the heart failure (HF) population. Studies investigating the prognostic value of CPX in individuals with HF have consistently examined predominantly male groups. The purpose of the present study was to examine the prognostic value of CPX in a female HF group. METHODS Seventy-five female and 337 male subjects d...

1. Definition. A PLL is a feedback system that includes a VCO, phase detector, and low pass filter within its loop. Its purpose is to force the VCO to replicate and track the frequency and phase at the input when in lock. The PLL is a control system allowing one oscillator to track with another. It is possible to have a phase offset between input and output, but when locked, the frequencies mus...

A modif ied ring oscillator presented in this paper. The voltage control oscillator is designed and simulated in 50nm CMOS technology. The frequency of oscillation of the VCO is 2.6GHz with 0.064 mW power dissipation and the center drain current of 64uA is us ed. Tuning range is of 72% and the jitter is of 39.8pS. Index Terms Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO), power dissipation, jitter, tunin...

INTRODUCTION Submaximal exercise gas exchange may be a useful tool to track responses to therapy in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patients. METHODS Three patients diagnosed with idiopathic PAH, on differing therapies, were included. Standard clinical tests (echocardiography; 6 minute walk) were performed pre and 3-5 months after treatment. Gas exchange was measured during 3 minutes of...