Vibrio cholerae is the causative agent of the disease cholera, characterized by profuse watery diarrhoea. Two of the main virulence factors associated with the disease are cholera toxin (CT) and toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP). Expression of CT and TCP is regulated via a complex cascade of factors that respond to environmental signals, but ultimately ToxT is the direct transcriptional activator o...

A variety of foods have been implicated as vehicles for the causal agent of cholera, Vibrio cholerae. Depending on the type of food, contamination can occur prior to harvesting or during handling and preparation. The viability of the organisms in food is influenced by environmental conditions and handling, and these factors, along with the varying likelihood of contamination, determine the exte...

Kemptide (Leu-Arg-Arg-Ala-Ser-Leu-Gly) is a good substrate for cholera toxin in comparison with the angiotensin peptides. Because kemptide contains two potential ADP-ribosylation sites and, is also a good substrate for cAMP-dependent protein kinase, it was possible to gain some insight into factors influencing the specificity of cholera toxin and to study the relationship between phosphorylatio...

The marine genus of bacteria, Vibrio, includes several significant human and animal pathogens, highlighting the importance defining factors that govern their occurrence in environment. To determine what controls large-scale spatial patterns among this genus, we examined abundance diversity Vibrio communities along a 4000 km latitudinal gradient spanning Australian coast. We used Vibrio-specific...

As the causative agent of cholera, the bacterium Vibrio cholerae represents an enormous public health burden, especially in developing countries around the world. Cholera is a self-limiting illness; however, antibiotics are commonly administered as part of the treatment regimen. Here we review the initial identification and subsequent evolution of antibiotic-resistant strains of V. cholerae. An...

The emergence of Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal during 1992-1993 was associated with large epidemics of cholera in India and Bangladesh and, initially, with a total displacement of the existing V. cholerae O1 strains. However, the O1 strains reemerged in 1994 and initiated a series of disappearance and reemergence of either of the two serogroups that was associated with temporal genetic and phenot...

Infections associated with marine activities, particularly work or recreation in salt water, present unique diagnostic challenges for the infectious disease practitioner. Those caused by halophilic, non-cholera Vibrio species are increasingly being recognized in clinical practice. They typically follow saltwater injuries, especially those associated with coral. Because these infections can be b...

Cholera is an acute intestinal infection caused by the water borne bacteria Vibrio cholerae O1 or O139 (V. cholerae). Infection is mainly through ingestion of contaminated water or food (Kelly, 2001). Approximately 102-103 cells are required to cause severe diarrhea and dehydration (Sack et al., 1998; Hornich et al., 1971). Ingested cholera vibrios from contaminated water or food must pass thro...

Cholera is an infection of the small intestine caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholera. In this work, we consider a mathematical model SIRB which represents the dynamics of cholera. To understand the dynamics of the model, the disease free and endemic stability are discussed. The disease free equilibrium is stable locally as well as globally when the basic reproduction less than 1, otherwise an ...