This study investigated the effects of Moringa oleifera leaf (MOL) extract on performance and immune response Clarias gariepinus challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. Five diets containing 0 (positive control), 0.5, 1.0 or 2.0g MOL 0.5g synthetic (negative control) / kg basal were formulated fish fed to apparent satiation twice daily for 56 days. Thereafter, A. hydrophila through intraperitonea...

Background. Some of the humanity’s problems in 21st century are related to insufficient mineral nutrition according World Health Organization. The reason for this conclusion is not amount substances supplied with food, but their bioavailability body. problem rabbit high-quality solved during industrial maintenance. Research on impact organic compounds trace elements human and animal body has in...

Ramadan is considered as holy month of Muslims worldwide. During this month, most able-bodied Muslim adults refrain from foods, drinks, smoking, and medications from dawn until sunset. In Islamic rules, patients and those for whom fasting may have major health risks are exempted from fasting during Ramadan. There is still no consensus regarding the effects of Ramadan fasting, as a unique opport...

the goal of this experiment was to investigating of effects of different levels of nano chromium (n-cr) in diet on egg quality and blood chromium content of japanese quail. two hundred and forty laying japanese quail (45 day old) were randomly distributed to 20 experimental unit with 12 birds in cage pens of 40 × 80 cm. experimental treatments include: 1) control national research council (nrc,...