Roughness length is a critical parameter for estimation of wind conditions, and it is therefore also relevant for the estimation of human thermal conditions in urban areas. The high density of buildings in urban areas causes large changes in land coverage, thereby increasing surface roughness. This influence atmospheric flow and also leads to a reduction in urban air ventilation, thus increasin...

the urban heat island effect refers to the temperature rise of the cities in comparison to the suburbs. this phenomenon which is a consequence of urbanization and has become a major issue in the urban climatology may have serious consequences in the developing countries which are facing a rapid and unplanned urban growth. tehran, the capital and the most populated city of iran, this phenomenon ...

This paper investigates reducing power variance caused by different wind directions using farm layout optimization. The problem was formulated as a multi-objective [Formula: see text] constraint method used to solve the bi-objective in two-step optimization framework where two sequential optimizations were performed. first maximizing mean alone and second minimizing with on power. results show ...

 Cloud height, wind speed and direction at cloud height play an important role in air safety. This paper presents a low-cost system based on digital consumer cameras to estimate cloud base height. It is shown that both wind speed and direction at cloud level can also be obtained with this system. The method is based on triangulation and uses image registration to identify common cloud features...

A software system aimed at the simulation of fire spread over complex topography is presented. The software implements a semi-empirical model for fire rate of spread, which takes as input local terrain slope, parameters describing fuel properties as well as the wind speed and direction. Fire shape is described with recourse to an ellipsetype model. Two different models are implemented for the s...

Intensive measurements were performed at roadside locations in Reno, Nevada, and Durham/Research Triangle Park, North Carolina to derive mass emission factors from on-road vehicles. Measurements included continuous particulate matter (PM) concentrations (PM2.5, and PM10), wind speed, wind direction, and vehicle number, class, and speed. A multi-lag linear regression approach was applied to calc...

The modelling of wind speed is a traditional topic in meteorological research, where the main interest is on the short-term forecast of wind speed intensity and direction. More recently, this theme has received some interest in the quantitative finance literature for its relationship with electricity production by wind farms. In fact, electricity producers are interested in long-range forecasts...

Wind is the principal driver of the Wind Erosion Prediction System (WEPS), which is a process−based computer model for the simulation of wind−blown sediment loss from a field. WEPS generates wind using a stochastic wind generator. The objectives of this study were to improve the stochastic generation of wind speed and direction and to update the wind statistics used by the generator with statis...

Wind is the principal driver of the Wind Erosion Prediction System (WEPS), which is a process−based computer model for the simulation of wind−blown sediment loss from a field. WEPS generates wind using a stochastic wind generator. The objectives of this study were to improve the stochastic generation of wind speed and direction and to update the wind statistics used by the generator with statis...