Surface soil moisture (SSM) is a major factor that affects crop growth. Combined microwave and optical data have been widely used to improve the accuracy of SSM retrievals. However, influence vegetation indices derived from red-edge spectral bands multi-spectral on retrieval has not sufficiently analyzed. In this study, we retrieved wheat-covered surfaces using Sentinel-1/2 data. First, modifie...

land surface parameterization schemes are one of the most important components in gcm and nwp models. these schemes calculate the exchanges of momentum, mass and energy between land surface and the atmosphere. runoff is one of the important components in the water cycle of the land surface scheme whose parameterization is difficult because of complexity in the processes governing the runoff gen...

mineral dust is produced from both natural and anthropogenic sources. dust aerosols can be transported over long distances in the atmosphere. they reduce the incident shortwave radiation to the surface by absorbing and scattering the solar radiation; thereby leading to a cooling effect at the surface and lower tropospheric temperature. on the other hand, by absorption and re-emission of longwav...

[1] Surface air temperature measurements from meteorological stations on the Tibetan Plateau are compared to 2-m temperatures from the European Centre for MediumRange Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis (ERA-40) to assess the accuracy of this reanalysis product. We focus on ERA-40 grid cells containing at least four stations. The reanalysis temperatures are consistently lower, by as much as 7 ...

When using a 3D deterministic model to evaluate the landslide susceptibility of regional area, processing large amounts of spatial data and identifying the objective for applying the deterministic model would be arduous works. In this research, an enhanced hydrology tool is developed to automatically identify the objectives of research, which are called slope units, from terrain raster data. A ...

Subdivision surface method is a series of iterative operation adopts a certain subdivision formula for an initial grid, obtains the smooth limits surface finally, and can dispose any arbitrary complex topology grid. At present most of the subdivision algorithm are 1-4 subdivisions and as the number of subdivision increase, the grid grow so toorapid in the number of patch that it is difficult fo...

Abstract We revisit the longstanding problem of grid sensitivity, i.e., lack convergence in large-eddy simulations (LES) stable boundary layer. use a comprehensive set LES well-known Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment Atmospheric Boundary Layer Study 1 (GABLS1) case with varying spacings between 12.5 m to investigate several physical processes numerical features that are possible causes s...

This paper deals with structured grid generation using Floater’s parametrization algorithm for surface triangulation. It gives an outline of the algorithm in the context of structured grid generation. Then it explains how the algorithm can be used to generate a structured grid over a singular NURBS surface patch. This is an alternate method to the known carpeting method of reparametrization for...