The proline-directed kinase Cdk5 plays a role in several aspects of neuronal development. Here, we show that CDK-5 activity regulates the abundance of the glutamate receptor GLR-1 in the ventral cord of Caenorhabditis elegans and that it produces corresponding changes in GLR-1-dependent behaviors. Loss of CDK-5 activity results in decreased abundance of GLR-1 in the ventral cord, accompanied by...

Long-term memory for habituation to tap in Caenorhabditis elegans depends on glr-1, a homolog of mammalian non-NMDA glutamate receptors; mutations in glr-1 blocked long-term memory formation. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) constructs were used to visualize glr-1 expression in the interneurons of the mechanosensory circuit and synaptobrevin in the tap sensory neurons of trained and untrained wo...

Ubiquitin-mediated endocytosis and post-endocytic trafficking of glutamate receptors control their synaptic abundance and are implicated in modulating synaptic strength. Ubiquitination is a reversible modification, but the identities and specific functions of deubiquitinating enzymes in the nervous system are lacking. Here, we show that the deubiquitinating enzyme ubiquitin-specific protease-46...

The regulated localization of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA)-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs) to synapses is an important component of synaptic signaling and plasticity. Regulated ubiquitination and endocytosis determine the synaptic levels of AMPARs, but it is unclear which factors conduct these processes. To identify genes that regulate AMPAR synaptic abunda...

Chronic changes in neural activity trigger a variety of compensatory homeostatic mechanisms by which neurons maintain a normal level of synaptic input. Here we show that chronic activity blockade triggers a compensatory change in the abundance of GLR-1, a Caenorhabditis elegans glutamate receptor. In mutants lacking a voltage-dependent calcium channel (unc-2) or a vesicular glutamate transporte...

In a 3G cellular network, the visitor location registers (VLRs), the gateway location registers (GLRs), and the home location registers (HLRs) form a three-level mobility database structure. When users leave a GLR/VLR service area, deregistration with a GLR/VLR is required. Deregistration may create significant traffic in the network, especially the traffic between a GLR and a HLR, which is the...

Glr, the glutamate racemase of Bacillus subtilis (formerly Bacillus natto) IFO 3336 encoded by the glr gene, and YrpC, a protein encoded by the yrpC gene, which is located at a different locus from that of the glr gene in the B. subtilis genome, share a high sequence similarity. The yrpC gene complemented the D-glutamate auxotrophy of Escherichia coli WM335 cells defective in the glutamate race...

Let F be a number field with discriminant ∆F . Denote its (normalized) absolute values by SF , and write SF = Sfin · ∪ S∞, where S∞ denotes the collection of all archimedean valuations. For simplicity, we use v (resp. σ) to denote elements in Sfin (resp. S∞). Denote by A = AF the ring of adeles of F , by Glr(A) the rank r general linear group over A, and write A := Afin ⊕A∞ and GLr(A) := GLr(A)...

Let F be a number field with discriminant ∆F . Denote its (normalized) absolute values by SF , and write SF = Sfin · ∪ S∞, where S∞ denotes the collection of all archimedean valuations. For simplicity, we use v (resp. σ) to denote elements in Sfin (resp. S∞). Denote by A = AF the ring of adeles of F , and Glr(A) the rank r general linear group over A, and write A := Afin ⊕A∞ and Glr(A) := Glr(A...