Pityriasis rosea (PR) is an acute, self-limiting papulosquamous exanthem. A number of atypical variants of PR, regarding morphology and distribution of the lesions or severity of the symptoms, may be observed. Herein, we present the first case of atypical PR with hypopigmented lesions and a target-shape herald patch.

Human immunodeficiency virus infection / acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is a disease pertained to the human immune system. Given its crucial role in viral replication, HIV-1 protease (HIV-1 PR) is a prime therapeutic target in AIDS therapy. In this regard, the dynamic aspects of ligand-enzyme interactions may indicate an important role of conformational variability in HIV-1 PR in...

Objective Objective: Gelatinases degrade extracellular matrix (ECM) components to make physiological remodeling and contribute to pathological tissue destruction in endometriosis. It is known that gelatinases’ function is resistant to suppression by progesterone in endometriosis. The ability of progesterone to impact gene expression depends on the progesterone receptor-A/-B (PR-A/PR-B) ratio. A...

The transcript levels of six defense genes including pathogenesis-related gene 1 (PR-1), pathogenesis-related gene 2 (PR-2), pathogenesis-related gene 5 (PR-5), lipoxygenase (LOX), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and catalase (CAT) were investigated in tomato plants inoculated with Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli as a non-host pathogen and X. euvesicatoria as a host pathogen. Activation o...

The lethal effects occurring in neonatal (< 24-h old) BALB/c mice after challenge with E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were significantly counteracted by pretreatment with antibacterial peptide PR-39. Neonatal mice protection was probably related to the depressive effect of PR-39 on production of TNF-alpha known to be the major mediator of the lethal effects of neonatal endotoxic shock. Indeed...

PROOF. It suffices, by standard facts about probability measure, to prove the claim for cylinders C(w′) ⊆ ′, where w′ = w0, . . . wk. We use induction on k. The base case (k = 0) follows from Lemma 7. Namely, C( ) = ′, and ρ−1( ′) = \ ρ−1( ). Thus Pr (ρ−1( ′)) = 1 − Pr (ρ−1( )) = 1. For the induction step, suppose that the claim holds for the prefix w′ = w0w1 . . . wk. Let D[w′] = ρ−1(C(w′)). D...

Apidaecins, short proline-arginine-rich peptides from insects, are highly bactericidal through a mechanism that includes stereoselective elements but is completely devoid of any pore-forming activity. The spectrum of antibacterial activity, always limited to Gram-negatives, is further dependent on a small number of variable residues and can be manipulated. We show here that mutations in the evo...