CART (cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript) peptides are novel brain neuropeptides that have been shown to have a role in the control of feeding behavior in mammals. The effects of intracereboventricular (i.c.v.) administration of two CART fragments, CART (62-76) and CART (55-102) on feeding and behavioral activity of goldfish (Carassius auratus) were examined. Both CART peptide fragme...

Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) encodes a neuropeptide precursor protein that is highly abundant in cells of the hypothalamus. To date, the major research focus into the function of CART peptides has been feeding behavior. However, CART mRNA is found in other areas of the brain as well as some peripheral tissues, suggesting possible broader functions of this peptide. In thi...

As more HIV patients start combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), the emergence of drug resistance (HIVDR) is inevitable. This will have consequences for transmission HIVDR, success ART, and nature trend epidemic. We recruited a cohort 223 starting or continuing their first-line cART in Tanzania towards end stavudine era 2010. Patients were then followed one year. Of those with viral load t...

PURPOSE Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) peptide exerts several regulatory functions acting both as neurotransmitter and hormone. We recently showed that CART is expressed in various neuroendocrine tumors, including small bowel carcinoids. The main objective of the present study was to examine whether CART expression is associated with survival in patients with small bowel c...

INTRODUCTION After achieving undetectable HIV-RNA on cART, on cessation, HIV-RNA rebounds to pre-treatment values for the majority due to the presence of an inaccessible viral reservoir. There is some evidence that cART during primary HIV infection (PHI) limits the reservoir size, optimizing the chance of maintaining viral control off cART. Data are required to predict possible viral controller...

Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) codes for a neuropeptide system with a number of biological roles. The high conservation of CART across species suggests that it has an important role in mammalian physiology. CART is widely expressed in the central nervous system and the periphery, but is particularly concentrated in the hypothalamus. CART peptides, particularly CART (55-102...

در این مقاله یک مدل ریاضی برای مسئله سیستم تولیدی همکارانه ساخت بر اساس سفارش با رعایت انصاف تخصیص بار‌های تولید طراحی شده است. اهداف اصلی مدل، کمینه‌سازی هزینه‌‌های کل و حداکثر استفاده از منابع به‌منظور عادلانه شرایط عدم­قطعیت کنترل پارامتر‌های غیرقطعی روش برنامه‌ریزی فازی ‌شده نتایج نشان می‌دهد افزایش نرخ عدم‌قطعیت، می­یابد. ازآنجاکه ظرفیت کارخانه‌ها ثابت است، مقدار تقاضا، هر کارخانه نیز می­ی...

CART (cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript) peptides are neuromodulators that are involved in feeding, drug reward, stress, cardiovascular function, and bone remodeling. CART peptides are abundant but discretely distributed in the brain, pituitary and adrenal glands, pancreas, and gut. High expression of CART in discrete hypothalamic nuclei associated with feeding has led to behavioral...