In contexts where banks have strong control over firms, banking crisis may be associated with merger activity. This is because banks’ risk is reduced when their clients merge, and financial trouble creates strong incentive for banks to facilitate mergers of clients to improve banks’ risk standing. During Japan’s banking crisis in the 1990s, corporate merger activity was correlated with banks’ f...

Article history: Received 16 November 2010 Accepted 9 April 2013 Available online 20 April 2013 This paper assesses conflicts of interest between banks and their client firms via the merger transaction by examining the wealth gain of merger acquirers who were listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange in 1990–2004. The paper reports two main findings. First, acquiring firms did not gain from their acqu...

Co-integration analysis is applied to historical data (1760±1864) from the worldÕs ®rst well-established futures market, in rice at Dojima (in Osaka, Japan). The market shows a strong seasonal character. The summer market was strongly characterized by producersÕ hedging behavior, and may be called a ``commodity-oriented futures market''. On the other hand, the spring and autumn markets in the m...

The objective of this study was to examine the impact of starter nitrogen fertilizer on soybean root activity, leaf photosynthesis, grain yield and their relationship. To achieve this objective, field experiments were conducted in 2013 and 2014, using a randomized complete block design, with three replications. Nitrogen was applied at planting at rates of 0, 25, 50, and 75 kg N ha-1. In both ye...

Hydroxyapatite (HA) is considered to be a bioactive material that favorably influences the adhesion, growth, and osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts. To optimize the cell response on the hydroxyapatite composite, it is desirable to assess the optimum concentration and also the optimum particle size. The aim of our study was to prepare composite materials made of polydimethylsiloxane, poly...

Brain Tumors Eduard H. Panosyan, MD1; Yuntao Wang, PhD1; Peng Xia, MS1; Wai-Nang Paul Lee, MD1; Youngju Pak, PhD1; Dan R. Laks, MS2; Henry J. Lin, MD1; Theodore B. Moore, MD3,4; Timothy F. Cloughesy, MD4; Harley I. Kornblum, MD, PhD2,3,4; Joseph L. Lasky III, MD1. 1Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, California; 2Departme...

Design of contracts that define firm, and their accounting systems depend on the conditions in the firm’s factor and product markets. We examine the fundamental difficulty of defining and developing "uniform" accounting for diverse economic environments across countries and compare the differences in conditions prevailing in some key markets in Japan and the United States. There are important d...

Abstract Background Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are chronic immune-mediated with a relapsing-remitting trend. The overall incidence of these is increasing. However, it estimated that more than one third patients experienced symptoms for year before diagnosis. Delay in IBD diagnosis has several clinical, therapeutic economic implications....

····························· P3 Introduction ·····························P4-8 Material and Methods ·························P9-12 Results ······························· P13-19 Discussion and Conclusions ·······················P20-24 Acknowledgements ·························· P24 References ····························· P25-26