Toll like receptors (TLRs) with a myeloid differentiation antigen (CD14) recognize and bind various structures from invading microbes and then trigger cell activation. They initiate a variety of effectors' functions, including cytokine secretion, proliferation, co-stimulation or phagocyte maturation. The aim of this study was to evaluate Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and CD14 expression in childr...

BACKGROUND Poor mental health conditions, including stress and depression, have been recognized as a risk factor for the development of acute respiratory infection. Very few studies have considered the role of general mental health in acute respiratory infection occurrence. The aim of this analysis is to determine if overall mental health, as assessed by the mental component of the Short Form 1...

background infections in critical care unit are high, and they are serious hospital problems. infections acquired during the hospital stay are generally called nosocomial infections, initially known as infections arising after 48 h of hospital admission. the mostfrequent nosocomial infections (urinary, respiratory, gastroenteritis and blood stream infection) were common in patients at hospital....

In a diet, probiotics and prebiotics play an important role in regulating the immune response function through the intestinal microbiota, which in turn affects the immune system. While probiotics have been shown to reduce diseases, such as the flu, which is a respiratory infection. The National Health Commission of China and the National Bureau of Traditional Medicine of China recommend that pr...

The aim of the study was to define the respiratory morbidity caused by lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis (LIP) in children with vertically acquired HIV infection. A retrospective case note review was performed on 95 children attending three London hospitals. Clinical and radiological evidence of LIP, acute lower respiratory tract infections, and chronic lung disease was obtained using a stru...

background and objectives: human bocavirus (hbov) is a newly discovered parvovirus. it has been detected primarily in children with acute respiratory tract infections. this study was conducted to clarify the frequency and genotype circulation pattern of hbov in iran. materials and methods: conventional pcr was performed on throat swabs of patients less than two years of age with respiratory ill...