As a result of the importance acquired by the approach to the innovation systems in theory and policy,5,6 in recent years, the study of Innovation Intermediary Organisations (IIOs) has gained great interest. The OIIs are perceived as important agents in connecting knowledge supply and demand in the national systems of innovation (NSI).1 The authors highlight some functions that these organisati...

climate is changing and various scenarios indicate accelerated climate change in the future. if farmers and rural residents’ capacities do not enhance to adapt to the impacts of climate change, the impacts will overwhelm on agriculture and rural communities. extension systems can play an important role in agricultural adaptation to climate change. therefore, the aim of this research was to expl...

This study aimed at investigative decision support systems for assisting strategic and tactical decision making of smallholder farmers to reduce climate risks and increase crop productivity of semi-arid areas. Specifically, the study assessed farm-level decisions used by the farmers for reducing climate risks; examined information communication and knowledge sharing strategies for enhancing dec...

most developing countries have achieved productivity growth in economic sectors like agriculture for more than 30 years. universities and governmental research centers have tried to generate knowledge with direct social and economic effects during these decades. so, productivity and production growth can be attributed to technological changes made possible through investment in agricultural res...

abstract the aim of this study was to assess the affects of agricultural extension programs on the promotion of the efficiency, knowledge and technical expertise of farmers. the study also aimed to analyze the factors affecting the acceptance of agricultural extension programs with regards to process of agricultural development. a survey consisting of 137 samples was conducted between wheat far...

the undesirable negative consequences of conventional farming have lead to the need and emphasis for new sustainable agricultural production techniques. organic farming has arisen to be considered as one of the sustainable agricultural systems. agricultural experts play an important role in extension and spread of the system. the research goal is to investigate the effective factors on expert&a...