Scenedesmus cells grown on high CO(2), when adapted to air levels of CO(2) for 4 to 6 hours in the light, formed two concentrating processes for dissolved inorganic carbon: one for utilizing CO(2) from medium of pH 5 to 8 and one for bicarbonate accumulation from medium of pH 7 to 11. Similar results were obtained with assays by photosynthetic O(2) evolution or by accumulation of dissolved inor...

Fish and amphibians utilise a suction/force pump to ventilate gills or lungs, with the respiratory muscles innervated by cranial nerves, while reptiles have a thoracic, aspiratory pump innervated by spinal nerves. However, fish can recruit a hypobranchial pump for active jaw occlusion during hypoxia, using feeding muscles innervated by anterior spinal nerves. This same pump is used to ventilate...

Using a variable frequency drive (VFD) in order to drive the vacuum pump of a milking machine allows a dramatic reduction in energy use, while still producing equivalent vacuum stability. The VFD technology is able to adjust the rate of air removal from the milking system by changing the speed of the vacuum pump motor. A PID controller was developed in order to command the electric motor drivin...

Air-lift-pump merupakan suatu rangkaian alat yang digunakan untuk memindahkan air dan campuran (berlumpur) dari tempat ke titik lain. Sistem kerja air-lift-pump melalui media pipa dengan cara menginjeksi udara pada saluran bawah terendam. Tekanan aerator akan mendorong bergerak atas menuju arah sama melewati pipa. Cairan kental atau lumpur dapat dinaikan menggunakan air-lift-pump. Gaya apung me...

Functional analysis of lung ventilation in salamanders combined with historical analysis of respiratory pumps provides new perspectives on the evolution of breathing mechanisms in vertebrates. Lung ventilation in the aquatic salamander Necturus maculosus was examined by means of rineradiography. measurement of buccal and pleuroperitoneal cavity pressures, and electromyography of hypaxial muscul...