The expansion of the US carceral state has been accompanied by the emergence of what we call the ‘shadow carceral state’. Operating beyond the confines of criminal law and justice institutions, the shadow carceral state expands penal power through institutional annexation and legal hybridity, including: (1) increased civil and administrative pathways to incarceration; (2) the creation of civil ...

Tibetans view the environment as an interrelated balance upon which humans and nature coexist. Overconsumption of resources is discouraged, and the taking of life is forbidden by Buddhist practice. However, as traditional people meet the modern world, checkerboard patterns are carved into forested mountain slopes, pollution runs freely in once pristine waters, erosion lays grasslands bare, and ...

Though Americans had been considering annexing Hawaii since as early 1851, Hawaii’s conglomerate racial composition was always a hindrance. Obviously aware of Americans’ apprehension, Hawaiian whites, or haoles, took much care to construct themselves the indisputably dominant race in islands. One means that end inventing and heroically confronting civilizational threat from Chinese, biggest gro...

This article is devoted to establishing the real situation with legal protection mechanisms for maritime ecosystems adjacent Crimean Peninsula and elaborate relevant proposals. Its authors reflected analyzed framework on current interstate conflict-related challenges ecology of Black Sea Azov. Researchers watched proceedings that Ukraine initiated in this area proposed additional organizational...

one of the major problems for the implementation of infrastructure projects in various sectors of the economy, especially the energy sector, is the lack of liquidity. to solve this problem, project financing is created. bot contracts comprise one of the most common methods, particularly in infrastructure and energy sectors, and build-lease-transfer (blt) is a relatively new method of this appro...