Most UK surveys, including those used each year to derive the official UK income distribution statistics (‘Households Below Average Income’), provide measures of current household income rather than annual household income, which is the measure used in most other countries. Using British Household Panel Survey data, we examine whether estimates of Britain’s income distribution and its trends ar...

Abstract In this study, we applied recently developed panel unit root and cointegration techniques to examine the long-run real income per capita and price elasticities for demand of electricity in selected Middle East and North African (MENA) countries using an annual data series from 1990 to 2011.Our main finding from the panel analysis is that the demand for electricity is highly price ela...

BACKGROUND To illustrate the burden of high cigarette excise taxes on low-income smokers. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Using data from the New York and national Adult Tobacco Surveys from 2010-2011, we estimated how smoking prevalence, daily cigarette consumption, and share of annual income spent on cigarettes vary by annual income (less than $30,000; $30,000-$59,999; and more than $60,000)...

BACKGROUND Since the site of human subjects research has public health, regulatory, ethical, economic, and social implications, we sought to determine the global distribution and migration of clinical research using an open-access trial registry. METHODS We obtained individual clinical trial data including location of trial sites, dates of operation, funding source (United States government, ...

BACKGROUND Violence toward children (childhood victimization) is a major public health problem, with long-term consequences on economic well-being. The purpose of this study was to determine whether childhood victimization affects occupational prestige and income in young adulthood. We hypothesized that young adults who experienced more childhood victimizations would have less prestigious jobs ...

BACKGROUND Tobacco use is a leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality from non-communicable diseases. The objectives of the study were to determine the percentage of annual income used to purchase tobacco-related products and treat tobacco-related illnesses, and assess the characteristics of smokers and their awareness of the health-related risks of smoking. METHOD Stratified and s...

OBJECTIVE To assess a patient's out of pocket costs, income loss, time consumption, and quality of life (QoL) due to ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in three European countries and to assess variables predicting these outcomes. METHODS 216 patients with AS from the Netherlands, France, and Belgium participated in a two year study. Health resource use, days absent from work, time lost, and quality...

Article history: Received 2 April 2013 Available online 21 June 2013 This research examined the effects of vocational interest levels and differentiation on annual income. Following the environmental perspective, we investigatedwhether relationships existed at the occupation level of analysis. Using data from 665 occupations in the U.S. obtained fromU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics and O*Net, we...