background in recent decades, bacterial antibiotic resistance (especially in enterococci) has become a significant problem for human and veterinary medicine. one of the most important antibiotic resistances in enterococci, vancomycin resistance, is encoded by van gene family. objectives the aim of this study was to investigate antibiotic resistance to vancomycin in enterococci and the genes res...

background: extended spectrum beta lactamases (esbls) are an important cause of transferable multidrug resistance (mdr) in gram-negative bacteria. the most described esbl genes are generally found within integron-like structures as mobile genetic elements. the aim of this study was to identify the accompanying of class 1 integrons and esbls in the mdr e. coli isolates. methods: susceptibility t...

background spirulina is one of the most profitable known microalgae in the world, which is used as food and superfood. in the other hand, spirulina is a useful source of healthy components. it seems that the spirulina is transformable so that the introduction of a selectable marker is needed. objectives the purpose of this study was to determine a suitable selection marker for spirulina platens...

background urinary tract infection (uti) is a common problem in infants and children, as well as adults. objectives the aim of this study was to assess the most common bacterial uropathogens, their susceptibility, and resistance to antibiotics in children with uti. materials and methods this study included 7,365 urine samples sent from various departments to the kars state hospital microbiology...

Escherichia coli is a bacteria belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae. harmful gram bacterium living in digestive tract. These also live water and soil, commonly referred as coliform. This research aims analyze plasmid profile of its resistance some antibiotics. To explore profiles recent electrophoresis gel, antibiotic used tests Amoxicillin, Tetracycline antibiotic, Ciprofloxacin, Sulfame...

conclusions ctx-m was the most prevalent esbl genotype in uropathogenic e. coli (upec) isolated from uti. in addition, a high frequency of qnr genes among esbl-producing e. coli was identified in this study. in order to avoid treatment failures, we recommend using phenotypic and molecular methods to diagnose these enzymes and qnr genes. results the highest sensitivity was seen to imipenem (96.7...