the treatise entitled “arithmetic in astronomy”, which is edited and commented upon in this paper, is part of an old manuscript collection preserved in the national library of bosnia and herzegovina. at the end of this treatise there are some phrases in arabic which show that the treatise was originally part of a persian book written by ʿalī al-qūshchī. this manuscript is, in fact, an abridged ...

The intuitionistic linguistic set (ILS) is an extension of linguisitc variable. To overcome the drawback of using single real number to represent membership degree and non-membership degree for ILS, the concept of interval-valued intuitionistic linguistic set (IVILS) is introduced through representing the membership degree and non-membership degree with intervals for ILS in this paper. The oper...

Introduction: Mental arithmetic analysis based on Electroencephalogram (EEG) signal for monitoring the state of the user’s brain functioning can be helpful for understanding some psychological disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, or dyscalculia where the difficulty in learning or understanding the arithmetic exists. Most mental arithmetic recogni...

there are dierent ways to code the geodesic flows on surfaces with negative curvature. such code spaces give a useful tool to verify the dynamical properties of geodesic flows. here we consider special subspaces of geodesic flows on hecke surface whose arithmetic codings varies on a set with innite alphabet. then we will compare the topological complexity of them by computing their topologica...

The nonlinear solvers in numerical solution of water flow in variably saturated soils are prone to convergence difficulties. Many aspects can give rise to such difficulties, like very dry initial conditions, a steep pressure gradient and great variation of hydraulic conductivity occur across the wetting front during the infiltration of water.  So, the averaging method applied to compute hydraul...