[1] The sea breeze is often a dominant meteorological feature at the coastline, but little is known about its estuarine impacts. Measurements at an anchored catamaran and meteorological stations along the Hudson River and New York Bay estuarine system are used to illustrate some basic characteristics and impacts of the feature. The sea breeze propagates inland, arriving in phase with peak solar...

This paper presents an overview of the meteorology and planetary boundary layer structure observed during the NAMBLEX field campaign to aid interpretation of the chemical and aerosol measurements. The campaign has been separated into five periods corresponding to the prevailing synoptic condition. Comparisons between meteorological measurements (UHF wind profiler, Doppler sodar, sonic aneometer...

The surface observations used in the initial assessment of Seasat are discussed with emphasis on their ability to describe the synoptic-scale winds over the ocean.

Numerical simulations with photochemical transport models were independently performed for two domains situated in the Iberian Peninsula covering the Lisbon and Barcelona airsheds. Although the days chosen for simulation of the two cities are not the same, the synoptic situations in both cases, known as typical summertime situations, were similar, which allowed the development of typical mesosc...

Abstract Particularly challenging classes of heterogeneous surfaces are ones where strong secondary circulations generated, potentially dominating the flow dynamics. In this study, we focus on land‐sea breeze (LSBs) resulting from surface thermal contrasts, in presence increasing synoptic pressure forcing. The relative importance and orientation forcings measured through two dimensionless param...

The katabatic wind system over the Greenland ice sheet is studied using simulations of the hydrostatic Norwegian Limited Area Model (NORLAM) and measurements of an instrumented aircraft. The structure and the dynamics of the katabatic wind over the ice sheet are investigated for a case study of the aircraft-based experiment KABEG (Katabatic wind and boundary layer front experiment around Greenl...

Using a high-resolution regional climate model—the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics Regional Climate Model version 3 (RegCM3)—and station and satellite observations, the authors have studied the spatial heterogeneity of climate variability over Java Island, Indonesia. Besides the wellknown anomalous dry conditions that characterize the dry and transition seasons during a...

introduction climate is a system consisting of atmosphere, lithosphere, cryosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. this system is involved in the exchange of energy and moisture among these five components. the exchanges link the atmosphere as the central component of the climate to other spheres. changes do not occur separately in this system; rather change in one component contributes to reactio...