Shock waves generated at different parts of vehicle interact with the boundary layer over the surface at high Mach flows. The adverse pressure gradient across strong shock wave causes the flow to separate and peak loads are generated at separation and reattachment points. The size of separation bubble in the shock boundary layer interaction flows depends on various parameters. Reynolds-averaged...

OBJECTIVE Blenderized tube feedings (BTF) may present disadvantages over commercially prepared formulas (CPF). This study compares the microbial safety, nutritional content, and physical properties of BTF versus CPF. METHODS A total of 18 samples of BTF were collected from 3 hospitals in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from August 1999 through to November 1999. Samples of a CPF were collected for...

A generalization of our Gaussian distribution mixtures based method to Bidirectional Texture Function (BTF) modelling is discussed. We estimate the local statistical properties of the monospectral version of the fixed view target BTF texture in the form of a Gaussian mixture of product components. The synthesized texture is obtained by means of a step-wise prediction of the whole fixed view BTF...

The bidirectional texture function (BTF) is the recent most advanced representation of visual properties of material surface. It specifies its appearance due to varying spatial, illumination, and viewing conditions. Corresponding enormous BTF measurements require compact mathematical representation for visual fidelity preserving compression. We present a novel BTF model based on a set of underl...

The Bidirectional Texture Function (BTF) is the recent most advanced representation of visual properties of surface materials. It specifies their appearance due to varying spatial, illumination, and viewing conditions. Corresponding enormous BTF measurements require a mathematical representation allowing extreme compression but simultaneously preserving its high visual fidelity. We present a no...

In bubble-laden flows with large local or global void fraction the distance between bubbles is small so that these interact with a certain probability. During interaction, the bubble can either bounce or undergo coalescence, depending on the nature of the interaction. Coalescence as well as bubble breakup alter the bubble size distribution and consequently change the dynamics of individual bubb...

Evaluating the importance of natural marine hydrocarbon seeps to global methane budgets requires correctly predicting the gas fraction lost by the seep bubbles during transit through the water column. In the Santa Barbara Channel, California, three widely differing seeps (depth, flux, oiliness) were visited and observations were made of seep gas partial pressures, Pi, near the surface for alkan...

Recent advances in computer hardware and virtual modelling allow to respect view and illumination dependencies of natural surface materials. The corresponding texture representation in the form of Bidirectional Texture Function (BTF) enables significant improvements of virtual models realism at the expense of immense increase of material sample data space. Thus introduction of some fast compres...

Bubble-injection methods are considered to be a prospective approach to reduce skin-frictional drag for ships. To apply this technique for unsteady flows, we attempt to introduce a feedback loop of air injection in future applications. Hence, we wish to establish reduced order models of unsteady bubbly flows from the information at the bottom of the ship, but this must be achieved with a limite...