silica sulfuric acid is employed as solid acid catalyst for the clean and less hazardousprotection of carbonyl compounds as 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone under solvent-free conditions.

The C-3'-carbonyl group of N-protected spectinomycin is converted into the corresponding aminomethylalcohols via the intermediacy of cyanohydrins. Methodology for the selective synthesis of either epimer with retention of protection in the aminocyclitol ring provides valuable synthetic intermediates for the preparation of analogs of this important antibiotic. The new methodology provides an eff...

The repellent 1-(3-cyclohexen-1-yl-carbonyl)-2-methylpiperidine (AI3-37220) was compared with 2 formulations of diethylmethylbenzamide (deet) for its effectiveness in protecting 4 humans against the bites of Anopheles koliensis mosquitoes at a village in Central Province, Papua New Guinea. A mean of 77.2 +/- 10.5 bites/human/10 min of An. koliensis was collected on ethanol-treated (control) vol...

N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET) has recently been reported to kill cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni in vitro. In addition, it blocked cercarial entry into mouse tail skin. We confirmed these results and compared the efficacy of DEET to a second insect repellent, 1-(3-Cyclohexen-1-yl-carbonyl)-2-methylpiperidine (AI3-37220), in preventing S. mansoni infections in mice. Both AI3-37220 and DE...

Abstract: Bismuth(III) compounds (BiX3, X = Cl, Br, NO3 and OTf etc.) are moistureand air-tolerant Lewis acids, which have been widely applied as green catalyst in diverse organic synthesis in the past few years. This review illustrates significant advances in this field over recent five years, and mainly focuses on the bismuth-catalyzed formation of carbon-carbon, carbon-nitrogen, carbon-sulfu...

Dry age-related macular degeneration and Stargardt disease undergo a known toxic mechanism caused by carbonyl oxidative stresses (COS). This is responsible for accumulation in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) of A2E, main pyridinium bis-retinoid lipofuscin component. Previous studies have shown that stress cells could be reduced an alkyl-phloroglucinol-DHA conjugate (lipophenol). Here, we p...

Irradiation of dithiane-aldehyde/ketone adducts in the presence of benzophenone leads to C-C bond cleavage regenerating the carbonyl compounds. It is established that the mechanism of this reaction involves photochemically induced single electron transfer from the dithiane moiety to the excited molecule of ET-photosensitizer, accompanied by mesolytic C-C cleavage in the generated cation-radical...