Background: Improving vaccine potency in the induction of a strong cell-mediated cytotoxicity can enhance the efficacy of vaccines. Necrotic cells and the supernatant of necrotic tumor cells are attractive adjuvants, on account of their ability to recruit antigen-presenting cells to the site of antigen synthesis as well as its ability to stimulate the maturation of dendritic cells. Objective: T...

Follicular dendritic cell networks are said to be pivotal to both the formation of germinal centers (GCs) and their functions in generating antigen-specific antibody affinity maturation and B cell memory. We report that lymphotoxin beta-deficient mice form GC cell clusters in the gross anatomical location expected of GCs, despite the complete absence of follicular dendritic cell networks. Furth...

We present a mathematical model which reproduces experimental data on the germinal centre (GC) kinetics of the primed primary immune response and on affinity maturation observed during the reaction. We show that antigen masking by antibodies which are produced by emerging plasma cells can drive affinity maturation and provide a feedback mechanism by which the reaction is stable against variatio...

background: improving vaccine potency in the induction of a strong cell-mediated cytotoxicity can enhance the efficacy of vaccines. necrotic cells and the supernatant of necrotic tumor cells are attractive adjuvants, on account of their ability to recruit antigen-presenting cells to the site of antigen synthesis as well as its ability to stimulate the maturation of dendritic cells. objective: t...

In the course of a humoral immune response, the average affinity of antibody for the immunizing antigen can increase in time. This process of affinity maturation is due to antigen-driven selection of higher affinity B cell clones and somatic hypermutation of the genes that code for the antibody variable region. Through the use of simulation models we show that the efficiency of affinity maturat...

This study aimed to highlight and focus on curcumin’s role in enhancing the body defense mechanism against tuberculosis (TB) infection, using a narrative review. review was identified by four search engines: PubMed, Science Direct, Research Gate, Google Scholar. We found that as an immunomodulator, curcumin reduces production of specific cytokines inhibiting transcription factor. In same mechan...

Abstract Despite the emergence of new strategies in recent years, multiple myeloma (MM) is still an incurable disease with poor outcome. As a treatment, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR‐) T cell therapy brought exciting news to patients relapsed or refractory MM. B‐cell maturation (BCMA) ubiquitously expressed on surface cells and considered “ideal” target CAR‐T cell. BCMA‐targeted therapies achi...