Cortical microtubules are integral to plant morphogenesis, cell wall synthesis, and stomatal behaviour, presumably by governing cellulose microfibril orientation. Genetic manipulation of tubulins often leads to abnormal plant development, making it difficult to probe additional roles of cortical microtubules in cell wall biogenesis. Here, it is shown that expressing post-translational C-termina...

The in vivo effect of Brefeldin A (BFA) on the synthesis and transport of cell wall polysaccharides and proteins in the roots of pea seedlings (Pisum sativum L. cv. Alaska) was investigated. BFA (10 //gml") inhibited the synthesis of cell wall matrix polysaccharides by approximately 43%. Under the same conditions, cellulose synthesis was inhibited by approximately 77%. The percentage of incorpo...

The monosaccharide L-fucose (L-Fuc) is a common component of plant cell wall polysaccharides and other plant glycans, including the hemicellulose xyloglucan, pectic rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) and rhamnogalacturonan-II (RG-II), arabinogalactan proteins, and N-linked glycans. Mutations compromising the biosynthesis of many plant cell wall polysaccharides are lethal, and as a result, small molecu...

Immunofluorescence microscopy (IFM) and immunogold transmission electron microscopy (TEM) are the two main techniques commonly used to detect polysaccharides in plant cell walls. Both are important in localizing cell wall polysaccharides, but both have major limitations, such as low resolution in IFM and restricted sample size for immunogold TEM. In this study, we have developed a robust techni...

The composition of the Gram-positive cell wall is typically described as containing peptidoglycan, proteins and essential secondary cell wall structures called teichoic acids, which comprise approximately half of the cell wall mass. The cell walls of many species within the genera Streptococcus, Enterococcus and Lactococcus contain large amounts of the sugar rhamnose, which is incorporated in c...

Hot water-insoluble cell wall polysaccharides of immature and mature Dioscorea dunietomin and D. rotundata yam tubers have been characterized in enzymatically destarched flours and were mainly constituted of cellulose followed by hemicellulosic polymers of xylose, galactose, mannose and arabinose. Immature tubers of both species contained a higher proportion of cell wall carbohydrates than matu...

Two immunologically reactive polysaccharides have been isolated from the cell walls and from culture filtrates of a filamentous alpha-hemolytic streptococcus provisionally designated capsular type 83. Both polysaccharides were purified by diethylaminoethyl-cellulose chromatography. Analysis indicates that the capsular polysaccharide consists of galactose and phosphorus, whereas the cell wall po...

The biosorption mechanisms of different heavy metallic cations (Cd, Ni, Pb) to active chemical groups on the cell wall matrix of the nonliving brown marine macroalga, Sargassum vulgaris in its natural form, were examined by the following instrumental and chemical techniques: Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), a...

Changes in cell wall polysaccharides and mechanical properties of the cell wall were examined during IAA-induced elongation growth of excised azuki bean epicotyl segments under different growth conditions. Sucrose promoted IAA-induced cell elongation, but had very little effect on IAA-induced cell wall loosening. In the absence of sucrose, the amount of galactose in the cell wall decreased duri...