We present a dynamic placement technique for annotations of virtual landscapes that is based on efficient view management. Annotations represent textual or symbolic descriptions and provide explanatory or thematic information associated with spatial positions. The technique handles external annotations as 2.5 dimensional objects and adjusts their positions with respect to available space in the...

In tropical landscapes, vegetation patches with contrasting tree densities are distributed as mosaics. However, the locations of patches and densities of trees within them cannot be predicted by climate models alone. It has been proposed that plant-fire feedbacks drive functional thresholds at a landscape scale, thereby maintaining open (savanna) and closed (forest) communities as two distinct ...

Sustainable land use in post-mining areas has received more attention only recently. This study examined landscape characteristics and post-mining land use in 51 metal mining sites in Finland. Studied mines were closed during the period of 1924–2016, and over half of them had been active more than 10 years. Mines were typically located in sparsely populated forest landscapes. Cultural and recre...

Realistic terrain models are required in many applications, especially in computer games. Commonly, procedural models are applied to generate the corresponding models and let users experience a wide variety of new environments. Existing algorithms generate landscapes immediately with view-dependent resolution and without preprocessing. Unfortunately, landscapes generated by such algorithms lack...

For amorphous solids, it has been intensely debated whether the traditional view on solids, in terms of the ground state and harmonic low energy excitations on top of it, such as phonons, is still valid. Recent theoretical developments of amorphous solids revealed the possibility of unexpectedly complex free-energy landscapes where the simple harmonic picture breaks down. Here we demonstrate th...

In this paper we present a combinatorial optimisation view on the routing problem for connectionless packet networks by using the metaphor of a landscape. We examine the main properties of the routing landscapes as we define them and how they can help us on the evaluation of the problem difficulty and the generation of effective algorithms. We also present the random walk statistical technique ...

Human ability to manipulate fire and the landscape has increased over evolutionary time, but the impact of this on fire regimes and consequences for biodiversity and biogeochemistry are hotly debated. Reconstructing historical changes in human-derived fire regimes empirically is challenging, but information is available on the timing of key human innovations and on current human impacts on fire...

In this paper we present a combinatorial optimisation view on the routing problem for connectionless packet networks by using the metaphor of a landscape. We examine the main properties of the routing landscapes as we define them and how they can help us on the evaluation of the problem difficulty and the generation of effective algorithms. We also present the random walk statistical technique ...

In vitro selection experiments in biochemistry allow for the discovery of novel molecules capable of specific desired biochemical functions. However, this is not the only benefit we can obtain from such selection experiments. Since selection from a random library yields an unprecedented, and sometimes comprehensive, view of how a particular biochemical function is distributed across sequence sp...

Human ability to manipulate fire and the landscape has increased over evolutionary time, but the impact of this on fire regimes and consequences for biodiversity and biogeochemistry are hotly debated. Reconstructing historical changes in human-derived fire regimes empirically is challenging, but information is available on the timing of key human innovations and on current human impacts on fire...