Timolol maleate has a molecular weight of 432.50. It is a white, odorless, crystalline powder which is soluble in water, methanol, and alcohol. Timolol maleate is stable at room temperature. Timolol maleate ophthalmic solution is supplied in two formulations: Ophthalmic Solution TIMOPTIC* (timolol maleate ophthalmic solution), which contains the preservative benzalkonium chloride; and Ophthalmi...

Antimicrobial preservatives are excipients added to multi-dose containers of both sterile and non-sterile drug products. Antimicrobial preservatives are used primarily to inhibit growth of microbial contamination occurring during the period of use. Demonstration of antimicrobial preservative effectiveness is required for these functional excipients. This article reviews key factors for consider...

The constantly growing resistance of microbes to drugs and other substances which fight microbial infections leads to search for new antimicrobial substances. Among substances which attract the scientists attention are antimicrobial peptides. Such compounds are quite common in nature and belong to the most important elements of the innate immune system of all living organisms. Numerous antimicr...

Individual reactions to danger in humans are often characterized as antisocial and self-preservative. Yet, more than 50 years of research have shown that humans often seek social partners and behave prosocially when confronted by danger. This research has relied on post hoc verbal reports, which fall short of capturing the more spontaneous reactions to danger and determine their social nature. ...

OBJECTIVES To assess the effects on dry eye symptoms and tear dynamics of switching from a prostaglandin with a preservative to a preservative-free prostaglandin. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fourteen patients (N=28 eyes) with open-angle glaucoma and dry eye symptons, treated with preserved latanoprost, travoprost or bimatoprost were included in this uncontrolled prospective study. Ocular symptoms we...

Self-Assessment 1 7. Pigmented cosmetic dermatitis is associated historically with Japanese women using which chemical? A. Jasmine absolute B. Sandalwood oil C. Ylang-ylang oil D. All of the above E. None of the above 8. Which chemical is considered an endocannabinoid? A. Anandamide B. Dronabinol C. HU-210 D. Nabilone E. Tetrahydrocannabinol 9. Which cannabinoid has an “entourage” effect, augme...

Aims: To clarify the usefulness of preservative-free ophthalmic preparations equipped with a filter. Methods: A total of 1,615 samples of in-use ophthalmic preparations were examined for microbial contamination. Results: Of 1,094 samples of preservative-containing ophthalmic preparations, 31 (2.8%) showed microbial contamination. Of 289 samples of preservative-free ophthalmic preparations witho...

OBJECTIVES This randomized, double-blind, cross-over study evaluated the risk of bronchoconstriction with two preparations of inhaled tobramycin in children with cystic fibrosis (CF) infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa with and without airway hyperreactivity. DESIGN Of 19 children with CF (age range, 7 to 16 years) with mild-to-moderate pulmonary disease, 10 children were at high risk (HR) f...

Preservative treatment of wood has a long history in the United States and throughout the world. Even the early settlers to the New World in the 17th century used wood preservatives to protect homes and other structures. The treated wood industry in the United States is evolving as new products emerge, technology advances, and environmental concerns increase. Recently, chromated copper arsenate...