A universal diluting fluid (UDF) was developed for use in membrane filtration sterility testing. Diuting fluid is used to free the filter membrane of preservative residues which could inhibit microbial recovery. Current procedures employ one of several fluids described by the United States Pharmacopeia. UF was designed to utilize the neutralizing capabilities of a combination of inactivating ag...

the present article employs sociological, socio-psychological and anthropological theories design a theoretical framework and model with due regard to theoretical viewpoints and experimental resources and proposes hypotheses on the basis of them. the integrative research method includes a survey and historical study. the population includes 404 teachers related to 6 tribal groups: curd, fars, t...

Since high quality forage is essential in a dairy ration, it is improtant to study new methods of preserving hay. In this trial, the effect of a commercial organic acid preservative on nutirent content and feeding value of alfalfa hay was evaluated. Alfalfa hay from a common field was baled at about 20 percent moisture for a control, and at about 28 percent moisture with addition of 0.1 percent...

PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of switching from Latanoprost ophthalmic solution containing a preservative to preservative-free Tafluprost ophthalmic solution or Tafluprost containing a preservative on ocular surfaces. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty patients (40 eyes) with glaucoma (mean age: 62.0 ± 10.9 years) using Latanoprost with preservative for six months o...

OBJECTIVES To assess microbial contamination of common non-preservative eye drops stored at 4 degrees C and non-preservative fortified antibiotic eye drops used in a hospital inpatient setting. MATERIAL AND METHOD A prospective study of the sterility of non-preservative eye drops was examined by dividing the patients into 2 groups. Group 1 composed of 5 samples of each ophthalmic preparation,...

Glaucoma is a common cause of irreversible blindness with increasing prevalence. Some of glaucoma patients will also experience dry eye. Dry eye is the most frequent side effect related to benzalkonium chloride (BAC)-containing eye drop used for glaucoma patients. In addition, glaucoma and dry eyes have shared risk factors that are old age and female. Dry eye among glaucoma patients need to be ...

Parabens, methyl, ethyl, propyl, benzyl, and butyl, are the most common preservatives in use today. They are the alkyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid and are used extensively because they are relatively nonirritating and nontoxic and offer good antimicrobial coverage. Testing for paraben allergen can be done by patch testing. Two cases of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) to parabens are used ...

Recent studies have generated conflicting data regarding the bioaccumulation and toxicity of leachates from preservative-treated wood. Due to the scale of the wood preserving industry, timber treated with the most common preservative, chromated copper arsenate (CCA), may form a significant source of metals in the aquatic environment. The existing literature on leaching of CCA is reviewed, and t...