BACKGROUND The break-up of the USSR brought considerable disruption to health services in Russia. The uptake of compulsory health insurance rose rapidly after its introduction in 1993. However, by 2000 coverage was still incomplete, especially amongst the disadvantaged. By this time, however, the state health service had become more stable, and the private sector was growing. This paper describ...

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to become exclusively a medical institution focusing on curative procedures, and ultimately to expand its clientele to all levels of society. While large-scale involvement of medical men with hospitals doubtless preceded the administrative-institutional transformation of the latter (medical professionalization around the hospital clinic in France following the Revolution may have been one neces...

We review the optimality of partial insurance contracts in the presence of moral hazard when consumers are affected by probability weighting. In valuing risky prospects individuals commonly overweight extreme outcomes at the expense of intermediate outcomes; these deviations systematically bias the ex-ante value of insurance. We characterize optimal contracts for the case of perfectly competiti...