We describe an experiment conducted in Bangalore, India, for incentivizing a population of commuters to travel at less congested times. The goals were to reduce the travel times and increase the travel comfort of commuters, and to reduce congestion, fuel consumption and pollution. The project, called INSTANT (for the Infosys-Stanford Traffic project), ran for six months from Oct 6, 2008, to Apr...

existence of capacity drop phenomenon, as the difference between pre-queue and queue discharge flow rates, has been one of the controversial concepts of traffic engineering. several researches have focused on capacity drop existence and also its estimation issues. this paper aims to estimate capacity drop based not only on a comparison between breakdown and queue discharge flow rates, but also ...

Travel times in congested transportation networks are time-varying quantities that can at best be known a priori probabilistically. In such networks, the arc weights (travel times) are represented by random variables whose probability distribution functions vary with time. These networks are referred to herein as stochastic, time-varying, or STV, networks. The determination of ‘‘least time’’ ro...

Recently, some methods of automated generation of schematic map are proposed. However, no specific method is given for expansion of congested area on a map in the process of schematization. In fact, it is a key to produce a schematic map with great clarity. For instance, for a line network map, if there are many lines in a small area on a map, although the shape of these lines is simplified by ...

The introduction of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT), typically involving the use of exclusive bus lanes and related bus priority measures, is increasingly advocated as a flexible and cost-effective way of improving the attractiveness of public transit in congested urban areas by reducing travel times and variability. These schemes typically involve the reallocation of road space for exclusive use by bu...

There exist various service systems that have hierarchical structure. In hierarchical service networks, facilities at different levels provide different types of services. For example, in health care systems, general centers provide low-level services such as primary health care services, while the specialized hospitals provide high-level services. Because of demand congestion in service networ...