An often-mentioned issue with Grammatical Evolution is that a small change in the genotype, through mutation or crossover, may completely change the meaning of all of the following genes. This paper analyses the crossover and mutation operations in GE, in particular examining the constructive or destructive nature of these operations when occurring at points throughout a genotype. The results w...

a r t i c l e i n f o In view of the substantial number of recent studies on relationships between religious involvement and constructive or destructive behavior among adolescents, it is time to consolidate knowledge about these relationships through a meta-analysis. The meta-analysis conducted in this study involves 40 studies published from 1995 to 2009, covering adolescents with an average a...

BACKGROUND This study examined the pathways by which destructive and constructive marital conflict leading to social skills development in preschool children, are mediated through negative and positive parenting practices. METHODS Mothers of 2931 Japanese children, aged 5-6 years, completed self-report questionnaires regarding their marital relationship (the Quality of co-parental communicati...

We examined the joint role of constructive and destructive interparental conflict in predicting children’s emotional insecurity and psychological problems. In Study 1, 250 early adolescents (M = 12.6 years) and their primary caregivers completed assessments of family and child functioning. In Study 2, 201 mothers and their two-year old children participated in a multi-method, longitudinal desig...