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In many parts of Iran high light intensities during summer can induce stress in cut flower production under open field and greenhouse conditions. Despite roses prefer sunny places for optimum growth, but in practice some levels of rough shading is applied in greenhouse production to improve the quality of cut flowers. So, it is useful to find the light intensities under which different rose cul...

This paper proposes a hybrid switching technique for a domestic PV system with AC-module architecture. In this PV system, independent control of PV modules, which are directly connected to DC terminals of a single-phase cascaded multilevel inverter, makes module-level MPPT possible to extract maximum available solar energy, especially in partial shading conditions. As one of the main contributi...

Light intensity is considered a limiting factor in greenhouse rose production. The main aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of shading treatments (0, 25, 50, and 65% shading) on quality and chlorophyll content of cut rose (Rosa hybrida cv. Avalanche), under greenhouse conditions. The experiment was planned in randomized completely block design with four replications. All shoots we...

Birds behave as if they quickly and accurately perceive an object-filled visual world. Beyond the extensive research with pigeons, however, there is a large and important gap in our knowledge about the mechanisms of object perception and recognition in other avian visual systems. The pattern of shading reflected from the surfaces of objects is one important optical feature that provides fundame...

It is now well known that processing of shading information in face recognition is susceptible to bottom lighting and contrast reversal, an effect that may be due to a disruption of 3-D shape processing. The question then is whether the disruption can be rectified by other sources of 3-D information, such as shape-from-stereo. We examined this issue by comparing identification performance eithe...

The response of the meadow-forming seagrass Amphibolis griffithii (Black) den Hartog to light reduction was examined over a 3 mo period and a subsequent 1 mo recovery period. Morphological and physiological variables were measured in meadows subjected to an average reduction in photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 88% relative to unshaded controls. Leaf biomass, leaf cluster density and...

Partial shading causes mismatch losses in the solar PV system. In array, power output from healthy modules is gone vain due to losses. The array construction with high resistivity loss generation progressing research work field. this work, a new kind of configuration scheme framed for system overcoming effect partial shading. proposed has over other conventional methods. pattern that similar sp...