OBJECTIVES To examine vestibular control of balance in those who recovered the ability to stand after middle cerebral artery (MCA) stroke. METHODS Sixteen patients with MCA stroke were compared with 10 age matched controls. Two additional patients were studied with isolated corticospinal tract lesions, one each at the level of the pons and medulla. Vestibular evoked postural responses were ob...

BACKGROUND Swallowing problems following stroke may result in increased risk of aspiration pneumonia, malnutrition, and dehydration. OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS Our hypothesis was that three neurostimulation techniques would produce beneficial effects on chronic dysphagia following stroke through a common brain mechanism that would predict behavioral response. METHODS In 18 dysphagic stroke patien...

A 36-year-old woman, diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), showed bulbar symptoms including impaired memory, slurred speech and swallowing difficulty 7 days before admission. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed symmetric confluent hyperintensities in the bilateral cerebral white matter on T2 weighted imaging (T2-WI), extended into the genu of the internal capsule and the crus c...

Major efforts in neurobiology are currently directed toward the understanding of the neural mechanisms of reward (e.g., in food or monetary compensation). Neuroimaging studies have identified a broad network of brain areas involved in computing the rewarding value of stimuli, which comprises the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), amygdala, insula, and several dopam...

NeuroQLab DTI is a software tool which we developed for efficient and robust fiber tractography and fiber quantification. It consists of deterministic and probabilistic fiber tracking algorithms and offers multiple options for seeding and filtering fiber tracts. This paper shows the fiber tracking results for three different patient data sets, published within the context of the 2015 DTI tracto...

RATIONALE The corticobulbar tract (CBT) is known to be involved in the motor function of the non-oculomotor cranial nuclei and controls the muscles of the face, head, and neck. Several studies have reported injury of the CBT in patients with brain injury, however, little is known about recovery of the injured CBT. PATIENT CONCERNS A 59-year-old right-handed male underwent decompressive cranie...

The course and distribution of the facial corticobulbar tract (CBT) was examined by correlating MRI of brain stem lesions with neurological symptoms and signs including central (C-FP) or peripheral facial paresis (P-FP) in 70 patients with localised infarction of the lower brain stem. C-FP occurred more often in patients with lesions of the lower pons or upper medulla of the ventromedial brain ...

1. Primary Motor Cortex (M1, Brodmann area 4): The primary motor cortex is located on the precentral gyrus just rostral to the central sulcus. It is the source of cortical neurons that will project to the brainstem and spinal cord to activate neurons involved in the control of voluntary movements. It receives input from the neighboring primary somatosensory area (S1, on the postcentral gyrus) a...

The distribution of human corticobulbar motor excitatory and inhibitory output is not fully understood. In particular, it is unclear whether the pattern of innervation is the same for upper and lower facial muscles, and what is the motor cortical area giving rise to such innervation. We used electrodes implanted in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in patients with Parkinson's disease to activate m...