Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is an economically important pathogen of the livestock industry worldwide. BVDV is classified into cytopathic (cp) and noncytopathic (ncp), depending on its effects on cultured cells. BVDV is known to alter the host’s immune response. Of this, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules play a central role in the development and function of the i...

Introduction: One of the main disadvantages of composites is marginal microleakage using flowable composites as a liner beneath composite restorations has been recommended to reduce microleakage. The aim of this study was to assess the microleakage of class II restorations with different flowable composites liners. Materials & Methods :45 extracted premolars teeth with class II cavity prepar...

We have conducted a numerical studv of spherical Couette Vlow -the flow between differentiallv rotatin~ concentric spheres. When the qa D ratio o{(R2-RI)/RI (where R 1 and R 2 are the radii of the inner and outer spheres) is small, the flow near the e~uator resembles that between cylinders, the classic Tavlor-Couette ~roblem. As in Tavlor-Couette flow, when the angular momentum gradient, measur...

in this article using the inverse laplace transform, we show analytical solutions for the generalized mass transfers with (and without) a chemical reaction. these transfers have been expressed as the couette flow with the fractional derivative of the caputo sense. also, using the hankel contour for the bromwich's integral, the solutions are given in terms of the generalized airy functions.

Linear dichroism (LD) can be used to study the alignment of absorbing chromophores within long molecules. In particular, Couette flow LD has been used to good effect in probing ligand binding to DNA and to fibrous proteins. This technique has been previously limited by large sample requirements. Here we report the design and application of a new micro-volume Couette flow cell that significantly...

Reynolds stress budgets for both Couette and boundary layer flows are evaluated and presented. Data are taken from direct numerical simulations of rotating and non-rotating plane turbulent Couette flow and turbulent boundary layer with and without adverse pressure gradient. Comparison of the total shear stress for the two flows suggests that the Couette case may be regarded as the high Reynolds...

The aim of the present study is deriving an analytical solution to incompressible thermal flow in a micro-Couette geometry in the presence of a pressure gradient using Burnett equations with first- and second-order slip boundary conditions. The lower plate of the micro-Couette structure is stationary, whereas the upper plate moves at a constant velocity. Non-dimensional axial velocity and tempe...

We analyze the stability of a cylindrical Couette flow under the imposition of a weak axial flow in case of a very short cylinder with a narrow annulus gap. We consider an incompressible viscous fluid which is contained in the narrow gap between two concentric short cylinders, where the inner cylinder rotates with constant angular velocity. The caps of the cylinders have narrow tubes conically ...