Molecular cobalt-containing hydrogen production catalysts are grafted to a visible-light-absorbing semiconductor. The attachment procedure exploits the UV-induced immobilization chemistry of vinylpyridine to p-type (100) gallium phosphide (GaP). Single step surface-initiated photopolymerization yields a covalently attached polymer with pendent pyridyl groups that provide attachment points for a...

Small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) family proteins function by becoming covalently attached to other proteins as post-translational modifications. SUMO modifies many proteins that participate in diverse cellular processes, including transcriptional regulation, nuclear transport, maintenance of genome integrity, and signal transduction. Reversible attachment of SUMO is controlled by an enzy...

Our previous studies demonstrated that the cell culture-grown hepatitis C virus of genotype 2a (HCVcc) uses apolipoprotein E (apoE) to mediate its attachment to the surface of human hepatoma Huh-7.5 cells. ApoE mediates HCV attachment by binding to the cell surface heparan sulfate (HS) which is covalently attached to the core proteins of proteoglycans (HSPGs). In the present study, we further d...

Atomic-resolution transmission electron microscopy was used to identify individual Au9 clusters on a sulfur-functionalized graphene surface. The clusters were preformed in solution and covalently attached to the surface without any dispersion or aggregation. Comparison of the experimental images with simulations allowed the rotational motion, without lateral displacement, of individual clusters...

Mesoporous amino-functionalized metal-organic framework thin films with the UiO-68 topology were grown in a highly oriented fashion on two different self-assembled monolayers on gold. The oriented MOF films were covalently modified with the fluorescent dye Rhodamine B inside the pore system, as demonstrated with size-selective fluorescence quenching studies. Our study suggests that mesoporous m...

Specifically designed dimeric, planar trimeric, tetrameric, pentameric, and 3D hexameric assemblies of Au nanoparticles were constructed from self-assembling DNA modules that contain disulfide groups, for attachment to the nanoparticles, and covalently linked 2,5-bis(2-thienyl)pyrrole (SNS) monomers. Treatment of these arrays with horseradish peroxidase and H2O2 (HRP/H2O2) results in bond forma...

A highly stable modular platform, based on the sequential covalent attachment of different functionalities to the surface of core-shell mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) for targeted drug delivery is presented. A reversible pH-responsive cap system based on covalently attached poly(2-vinylpyridine) (PVP) was developed as drug release mechanism. Our platform offers (i) tuneable interactions...

The structures of boron-doped fullerene B-C59 (1) as a drug delivery system (DDS), two phosphoramides (2 and 3) which were analogous to the cyclophosphamide anticancer prodrug as well as their covalently bonded structures to B-C59 (4 and 5) were optimized by DFT computations at B3LYP level of theory using 6-31G(d) basis set. Comparing compounds 4 and 5 revealed that the chloro derivative (-1429...

Swollen, surface-attached hydrogel layers in sliding contact exhibit unusual friction properties. To study this phenomenon, covalently bonded to solid substrates are generated by CH insertion crosslinking. Brief UV irradiation of thin photoreactive prepolymers leads simultaneous crosslinking the polymer chains and attachment network substrate. As can only swell perpendicular surface, subchains...

Cellular and nuclear delivery of biomolecules is limited by low membrane permeability. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) can be covalently linked to cargos to improve cellular internalization. Our work indicates that arginine-rich CPPs are also able to interact with a variety of cargos, including DNA, RNA, proteins and nanomaterials, in a noncovalent manner and subsequently effect their delivery...